EHarmony Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

EHarmony - Assignment Example ess allowed people to register and specify what they were looking for, and feedback would allow them to be part of the revolution (Piskorski, Halaburda and Smith 9). The fact that some of eHarmony’s competition had other online businesses made the business base a little trickier. Match, considered as eHarmony’s major competition, had other online businesses that people trusted and relied on for various activities. This worked toward increasing the customers that embraced their services. The expansion the company worked on overseas made it easy to acquire customers from different regions. The competition also focused on services and products that were similar to eHarmony (Piskorski, Halaburda and Smith 11). This made the company face serious competition like it had not witnessed during its inception. Waldorf would have to go for the final option. The rapid expansion option would work toward broadening the consumer base the company already has. The fact that they would have to venture into a different region may ensure that their products and services are accepted by more people seeking short and long term preferences when it came to courting and srelations. The final option also assumes that failure to expand might allow competitors in the same business to capitalize and eventually, lock them out of that market (Piskorski, Halaburda and Smith 14). The patterns recorded in the US can be used because people tend to emulate what happens in the United States. However, a more research must be conducted to find out the exact patterns that may be exhibited in these new

Jigs and Fixture Essay Example for Free

Jigs and Fixture Essay Jigs r provided with tool guiding elements such as drill bushes.These direct the tool to the correct position on the w/p. Jigs are rarely clamped on the m/c table bcz it is necessary to move the jig on the table to align the various bushes in the jig with the m/c spindle. Fixture hold the w/p securely in the correct position with respect to the m/c during operation. There is sometimes a provision in the fixture for setting the tool with respect to the w/p, but the tool is not guided as in a jig. Fixture are often clamped to the m/c table. Elements of JF(Locating,Clamping,Tool Guiding Setting Elements ) Adv of JF(Productivity,Interchageability,Skill Reduction,Cost Reduction) Limits Fits Diff b/w high and low limit , is called tolerance(unilateral,bilateral). Classification of Fits (Running,Push,Press Fit,Force Fit) Cost Estimation(Matl,M/cing,Heat Treatment, Assembling Cost) Principles of Location (1 Location must be related to the dimensional rqmts stated on the components drawing 2) It is prefable to use a more accurately m/chined surface than a less accurate surface Location, 3) The w/p should be prevented from moving along and rotating around X,Y and Zaxes 4) Location sys should facilitate easy and quick loading and unloading of the w/p and aim at motion economy 5) Redundant Locators must be avoided 6) Location sys should positevely prevent wrong loading of the w/p by foolproofing. Locating Methods of Plane Surfaces 1 A reasonably flat suface can be located by 3 pins of equal height having spherical surfaces at the location points 2 A rough, uneven or tapered plane should be loacted by 3 adjustable location pins having spherical ends 3 Additional adjustable supports are neccesary to prevent vibrations or distortion of the w/p during m/c operation. The force for adjusting the supports should be kept minimum so that the w/p doesnot get dislocated or lifted from the location pins 4) A machined surface can be located by pads having flat surface. 5 There should be ample clearance for burr or dirt to ensure proper seating of the workpiece surfaces. 6 A cube can be prevented from linear movement and rotation around axes X,Y,Z by six location Pads. Profile 1 can be located approx by aligning it with a slightly bigger sighting plate 2 Locating pins can be used to locate a profile or cylindrical w/p 3 Variations in w/p sizes ffrom batch to batch can be taken care of by using eccentric locators whose eccentricity can be set to suit the batch. 4 W/p with little variation can be located precisely with nesting plates with suitable provision for unloading or ejection Cylinder Spigots used for locating bores should have ample lead for easy entry and their length should be short to prevent jamming of the w/p 2 Long locators for fragile w/p should be relieved at the centre 3 Location Posts which are also used for clamping , should be retained by a nut or a grub screw 4 When two location pins are used,the less important one should be made diamond shaped . The important full pin should be longer than the diamond pin in order to facilitate easy loading of the w/p. 5 Rough cored holes and bosses are located by conical locators, which often have integral clamping arrangement and drill bush 6 Fixed V blocks are used to locate approx the outside surface of a cylinder. 7 For precise location, an adjustable guided V block is necessary.The V Block can be adjusted by a screw or a cam. It can be with drawn quickly by using a swinging eyebolt. 8 V blocks should be positioned in such a way that the varition in the w/p would not affect the location for the operation. For drilling central holes, the centre line of V should be vertical. 9 Clearance grooves should be provided at flash line of cast, forged and moulded w/p . Principles of Clamping(Position, strength , prdouctivity,operator fatique, workpiece variation) Types of Clamps 1 Screw , 2 Strap (Retractable strap,swinging strap, edge , pivoted, hinged,swinging latch 3 Quick action (cam,bayonet, quarter turn screw, toggle) 4 Multiple Double, stacking, power clamping pnumatic,hydraulic,magnetic 5 Non Conventional Clamping (adhesive, Fusion- cast of low melting point bismut alloy) Indexing is a process of quick, accurate location of a w/p or fixture in a no of specific positions. Indexing involves periodic linear or rotary movement of the indexed part precisely in each position. Rqmt of a good drill jig: 1 Quick accurate location of the w/p 2 Easy loading and unloading of the w/p and prevention of wrong loading 3 Prevention of bending or movement of the w/p during drilling 4 Ample chip clearance with facilities for swarf removal and cleaning 5 Light weight to minimise operator fatique due to repeated handling 6 Prevention of loss of loose parts by chaining them to the jig body 7 Clearance for overshoot of the drill Drill Bushes( Press Fit, Renewable, Slip, Threaded, Special) Various types of Jigs(Plate jigs and channel jigs with w/p pots, Angle Plate jigs, Turn Over Jigs, Leaf or latch jigs, Box Jigs, Trunion , Sandwich and pump jigs, Jigs for multispindle m/cs Milling Fixtures Essentials (Strength, Thrust, Cutter Setting, Machine tennons, Rigid Clamping, Motion economy,swarf disposal) Facing Fix , Sloting Fixture Boring Fix Chucks(Self centring 3 jaw , Independent 4 jaw, combination, power operated, special jaws, soft jaws) Face Plate, Collets( Push out, pull in, dead length) Mandrels( Tapered, Axial, Expanding, Threaded) Fixture Module Design Concept. A standard self contained unit. It is jargon for standardised, easily connectable, replaceable, sub assembled unit like a timer or acontractor.Modular construction assembles the commercially available modules in an arrangement suitable for the rqd applications. Modular Construction is like universal setup but not built on m/c Modular Fixture base can have t Slots or no of reamed holes. Modular tooling eliminates nned for manufacture procurement of standard parts neccesary accesories like fasteners, springs, washers, etc. Inspection Devices Standard Gauges(Go not go, Calliper , snap), Special Gauges(Key way and slot checking, Flush surface gauge for tapered hole, snap gauge for checking centre dist) Reciever gauges for assembly W/p marking and setting gauge Universal Jig- T nut –stud as T Bolt,Universal Clamp,edge calmp, Face plate Universal Fixture Transfer Machines(in Line tranfer machines (Walking beam, poered roller conveyor, chain drive), Rotary Indexing table m/c (Rack and pinion, ratchet and pawl, Geneva ) Tranfer Devices Conveyor system(Roller , Wheel, Chute, Belt, Chain, Magnetic, Bucket ) Die is a specialized tool used in manufacturing industries to cut or shape material using a press. (Die block, Punch plate ,Blank punch, Pierce punch,Stripper plate, Pilot, Guide / Back gage / Finger stop, Setting (Stop) Block , Shank) . General Die Design(Strip layout and selection of tooling, Economies of the strip- acc to tool shape also, tonnage calculation and selection of the press, Die shoe size, Method of Parts Ejection) Progressive Die Design(Washers and Round Blanks- 19.5, 30 , Feed=Blank dia. +Sp/tan 19.5 and strip width Pilots and pilot Holes, Skipping of stations, Nesting and Locating) Deep Drawing(Blank Holding- clearance 5%, pressure- minimum force necessary to prevent wrinkling, Drawing Ratios-Blank dia/throat dia of die. Punch load increases with blank dia in linear manner ,Die profile radius-sharper the die radius the greater is the max punch load bcz of the inreased process work due to plastic bending under tension, Punch profile radius- t-1.5 t 0.5t over 3.25mm sheetMore generous the punch radii , the more gradual is the rise of punch load and longer punch travel, but the max punch load is almost unaffected., Radial clearance-1.2t 30% for general purpose. Ironing-10%, Drawing speed can affect the yield stress of the material and efficiency of the lubricant, lubrication.

MS Word Against WordPro :: essays research papers

MS Word WordPro Functional  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  General   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Customization 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Compatibility 6 Templates 7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  User Friendly (learning curve) 6 Object Insertion 5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Obsolesce (version wise) 7 Formatting Options (editing) 8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Product Support 8 WordPro Customization   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  WordPro really doesn?t allow you to customize the look of the program, unlike Microsoft?s Word. About the only thing that you can customize in this program is the view. The funny part about this is that, the views that you have the options of choosing, are ones that Microsoft does not offer. Even though WordPro doesn?t offer the extensive customization that word offers you really don?t need it. WordPro offers extensive and very useful toolbars that adjust to what ever you are doing in the window. When looking at the toolbars, they are very thoughtfully laid out with only the functions that you use the most. The other advantage of the toolbars is that they are located at the top and bottom of the page, making the most amount of the room on the screen, instead of at the top of the screen, like Words default. Templates   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The extensive amount of templates that come with and that you can get for this program are amazing. There is a template for everything that you could possibly need. There are templates for Accounts Receivable bills all the way to a template to a fax coversheet followed buy the fax. Using the templates is not all that hard either. It is basically point and click, follow the direction that are there for you and are easy to understand. The best thing about the templates is that they all use a series of frames, which is very useful if you want to remove a certain section of the template, with out messing up the whole document. Object Insertion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this program object insertion is a little bit of a pain, you can do it, but for a person never using the program before, it will not only be frustrating, but it will also deter you from using the program. Unlike Microsoft?s Word, it is not as easy to get to. WordPro unfortunately also doesn?t support as many file types either. On the upside, once you figure out where the function is in the program, it is not all that hard to work with. Formatting Options   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In this section, WordPro is very competitive with Word. They both have the same options, like auto correct, although they may be called different names. They also have the same easy to find menus.

Hidden Terror Essay -- Literary Analysis

Ghosts and unseen forces cause nervous glances over the shoulder, the heartbeat to quicken, and provoke one to hide under a blanket, but what if the unseen forces were not the cause of the terror, can the mind create so much fear that we see things and create demons that truly terrify? â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† by Charlotte Perkins Gilman puts this scenario on display for her audience as the wallpaper haunts the unnamed narrator. As her mind slowly plays tricks on her, she starts to see things, impossible things within the paper. Suffering from an unknown ailment, possibly postpartum depression, the disease and the time she spends alone contribute to her descent into insanity. When she and her husband move into a rental home, she reveals an instant aversion to the wallpaper in her bedroom, and throughout the story her loathing of the wallpaper slowly becomes an obsession. â€Å"I’m getting really fond of the room in spite of the wall-paper. Perhaps BECAUSE of the wal l-paper. It dwells in my mind so† (Gilman)! Trapped in her own home and mind, she is haunted by something other than ghosts and demons, and that, is more terrifying than could even be imagined. Watching the narrator lose her sanity can be more terrifying for the readers than simply looking for an otherworldly being or a logical explanation. In â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† she is aware of her revulsion to the wallpaper, and yet, is unaware of the haunting consequence it has on her mind. â€Å"He thought I was asleep first, but I wasn’t, and lay there for hours trying to decide whether that front pattern and the back pattern really did move together or separately† (Gilman). Most stories try to terrify in a predictable, more traditional manner, â€Å"The Red Room† by H.G. Wells is terrifying i... ...nternal struggle, is supremely unaware of the total effects the wallpaper has on her. Fear is the first ingredient in any horror story, but when mixed in with a demented mind, as was the narrators, terror truly takes on an entirely new meaning. The paranormal, ghosts, spirits and demons are intangible to anyone but the narrator, but as she dives headfirst into her own reality she takes the reader deeper into the world she resides, where she is allowed to creep, and the only thing left to do is to watch the terror unfold. Works Cited Perkins Gilman, Charlotte. The Yellow Wallpaper Nov 1, 1999. Gutenberg.org, ebook. Rao, K. V. Rama. "The Yellow Wallpaper -- A Dynamic Symbol: A Study Of Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Story." Poetcrit 19.1 (2006): 38-44. Literary Reference Center Plus. Web. Wells, H.G. The Red Room. Oct 27, 2007. Gutenberg.org, ebook.

Fear motivation Essay

If you remember the movie Office Space, you might remember this great line where Peter (the guy trying to get fired) says â€Å"If you motivate people by fear, they will do just enough to get by and not get fired. This is the saddest of all motivational factors. Fear of rejection, fear of loss of respect, loss of money and country club status. It’s related to the above motivations, but from a different perspective. People who are motivated by fear are motivated from a position of having made it and are afraid of losing it. Its real difference is in its motivational power. Fear can be a strong motivator. . It’s one of the oldest forms of motivation and one of the most powerful†¦in certain situations. Most fears today are intangible fears. They are extremely powerful for the very reason that they are hard to find. Humans react to fear or threat in many ways, but those reactions can usually be divided up into the two categories of Fight or Flight. That is to say that when people are threatened they will either attack the threat or run away from it. This of course can be done physically or mentally. As a tool to motivate people, fear has many disadvantages. Fear based motivation causes resentment resistance and revenge. It is seen for what it is, an attack. By its very nature, fear is not sustaining or sustainable without negative consequences. People who are motivated by fear will seek ways to extricate themselves from the situation that causes the fear. This will not always be done by fulfilling the desire of the ‘motivator’. Threatening someone that they will be fired if they do not do their job correctly may have an impact upon the person causing them to try to improve their performance. However, that motivation is based on external forces and it requires that someone always be there to impose the threat. Because of these things, Fear motivation is the weakest force in our motivation definitions list and is reserved for the week and uneducated individuals who attempts to gain power by force.

Essay on The Progressive Presidents

Essay on The Progressive Presidents Essay on The Progressive Presidents Essay on The Progressive PresidentsThe progressiveness of the U.S. presidential elections of 1912 was concluded in different philosophies of the two prime candidates, Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson, both of whom expressed Progressive ideas. Although both candidates, Wilson and Roosevelt, were Progressive, their attitudes regarding the promotion and implementation of the ideas of Progressivism in the United States were different, at least in their theoretic approaches. Reviewing the complex nature of Progressivism, it is possible to explore how presidents’ policies while in office may be different from their rhetoric on the campaign trail. Actually, the study of presidency helps to better understand the nature of political philosophy (Bowles, 2011). According to third-party Bull Mooses, Americans needed a new party that would help the nation to awaken and promote the sense of justice. The Progressive Party was aimed at the fulfillment of the duty to â€Å"maintain the g overnment of the people, by the people and for the people† (Bull Moose Party, 1912). The Bull Moose Party was linked to Roosevelt’s political ideas. Wilson and Roosevelt expressed their ideas and priorities in their speeches: New Nationalism by Roosevelt and New Freedom by Wilson. The major goal of this paper is to compare each president’s political principles with his actions while in office and define how well their actions matched their rhetoric.Comparing Theodore Roosevelt’s political principles with his actions while in officeTheodore Roosevelt’s political principles differed from his actions while in office. Roosevelt’s political principles were aimed at developing new nationalism through socialization of democracy. He highlighted the â€Å"need for government to regulate capitalism, and provide a square deal for all Americans† (Roosevelt, 1910). Roosevelt wanted to achieve equality of opportunity, destructing the established spe cial privileges. He said, â€Å"The essence of any struggle for healthy liberty has always been, and must always be, to take from some one man or class of men the right to enjoy power, or wealth, or position, or immunity, which has not been earned by service to his or their fellows† (Roosevelt, 1910). He wanted to achieve practical equality of opportunity for all American citizens.Roosevelt’s presidency had been focused on realization of the new form of democracy through combining Hamilton’s strong presidency and Jefferson’s egalitarian political thought.   In fact, Roosevelt was the first political leader who managed to identify national principle with reforms. He realized that American leader should not only represent the national interests, but also develop reforms to meet the needs of the nation. As a result, some of Roosevelt’s policies while in office were different from his rhetoric on the campaign trail. In general, Roosevelt became an in itiator and promoter of many progressive reforms. He supported organized labor, the control and regulation of business by the government, the protection of consumer rights (Bowles, 2011).Comparing Woodrow Wilson’s political principles with his actions while in officeWoodrow Wilson’s political principles differed from his actions while in office. Wilson Inaugural Address made in 1913 provides many important facts that reflect Wilson’s political thought. He said, â€Å"We have built up, moreover, a great system of government, which has stood through a long age as in many respects a model for those who seek to set liberty upon foundations that will endure against fortuitous change, against storm and accident† (Wilson, 1913). He wanted to improve commerce of the world based on the just principles of taxation. He planned to use the government as an instrument to promote national interests, improve banking system and industrial system. He proposed to reform pol itical institutions, rejecting the ideas of traditional constitutionalism.The presidency of Wilson demonstrated different outcomes. Wilson was progressive in his ideas and tried to make some changes in conditions in both the economic and political fields. He referred to historicism. Wilson acted as a reformer. He managed to lower tariffs, improve banking regulation, but failed to break up monopolies. Besides, he led the US into WWI (the Great War) in 1917, despite his peaceful intentions. He passed the Espionage Act and Sedition Act to suppress the opponents of war (Bowles, 2011).Conclusion  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Thus, it is necessary to conclude that both presidents succeeded in the Progressive era due to their progressive political ideas. The success of Theodore Roosevelt in politics did not influence his political contest at presidential elections of 1912. Woodrow Wilson managed to win, having the highest electoral vote and the majority of the popular vote. N evertheless, these progressive presidents have very much in common.   Both of them developed policies while in office that differed from their rhetoric on the campaign trail. Both political leaders addressed the problems caused by increased industrialization, urbanization and the growth of big businesses in their political rhetoric, but they used different approaches to solve the problem while in office. Roosevelt placed emphasis on the importance of increased efficiency brought on by big businesses, but highlighted the need to pass legislation against the abuse of power, while Wilson argued that all monopoly was unproductive and wanted to abolish it, promoting small businesses. Undoubtedly, both presidents contributed to the development of the US during the Progressive Era.

Anne Frank

Anne Frank Free Online Research Papers â€Å"Anne Frank: The Diary of A Young Girl†, is a diary written by a Jew girl named Anne. During World War II, the Jews were being chased by the German armies, so the Frank family went to live for 3 years to a secret place. During her time in the â€Å"Secret Annex†, Anne went through different maturity stages. But all these changes happened because of the social issues, physical settings, and the political views that Anne had. The most interesting thing is that Anne realized how she grew, internally and externally. The maturity stage that Ann reached at the end, helped her deal with all the final conflicts, before they were caught. Through the 3 years, the social issues were a problem that Anne faced. The constant fights with Mrs. Van Daan were a big influence based on Anne’s maturity. Anne was really upset when Mrs. Van Daan criticized her with the food, although she controlled herself, and she realized it. Also Anne had her constant fights with her mom because they have different personalities, although sometimes Anne tried to do the best so that they would not fight, but when Anne was really upset, with her harsh words, she could make her mummy cry. A great influence on Anne’s feelings was the romance that happened between Peter and her. Before going to the â€Å"Secret Annex†, Anne had the attention of all the boys, but Harry was the one that caught her attention. Harry used to take Anne to the school every day, but when the war started Anne never say Harry again. Because she was used to having all the boys’ attention, she wondered why Peter did not liked her. After some time liv ing in the Annex, Anne started falling for Peter. And it was a good thing, because she was not depressed anymore because her life had an â€Å"object† now. Although all her social issues were complicated, some of them had a positive effect on her life. Certainly, the physical settings were a factor that made Anne’s mood depend on that. The â€Å"Secret Annex† certainly did so. There were some days that were really hot. Anne was a little altered with that situation. Because of this temperature, the butter was melting and it was so hot that Anne could not wash the dishes because her legs hurt too much. But sometimes Anne felt lucky to be on the Annex; when she thought of what was happening on the outside world, she felt like if it was a paradise compared to the outside. The outside world made Anne feel anxious and nervous because she did not know what was happening. The burglars altered not only Anne but the whole family. There was a burglar in whom the people stole the food coupons and some money. The constant movements made suspicious the warehouse man, although they went over this problem easily. All these troubles made Anne more mature by making her go through problems where she could overcome. The major impact that influenced Anne’s maturity was the Political views. The Franks and the Van Daans heard the radio every day. But what affected the most to Anne was that the war was not stable, it changed throughout the course of each day; there were invasions one day and the other one Italy was winning, and the next day Germany was winning territories. The Jews taken away made Anne really worried. She spends tons of time thinking about if her friends were alright, but she thought of Lies the most. Anne wondered if Lies was alive, if she was in a concentration camp, or if she was dead. One of the most important news was the D- Day. It made the Franks’ hopes be a little higher because the invasion has begun, and it would certainly help the Jews. But there were fake hopes because of the news. Because of the D- Day Anne thought that they might be able to survive, but they did not make it through the war. Anne’s difficulties across this process made her maturity levels raise. This novel shows us that Anne overcame some these problems and had a good experience in some of them. The maturity level that she reached made her be prepared so that she could know how to pass this stage of sorrow and pity. And with the help of Pim she was able to figure out that she was changing from being a girl to a woman. The question left is: If she had not been on the â€Å"Secret Annex† would she be able to overcome all these difficulties that happened after and during her life in the â€Å"Secret Annex†? Research Papers on Anne FrankThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeRelationship between Media Coverage and Social and19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2The Hockey GameHip-Hop is ArtQuebec and CanadaThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug Use

Delaware Indians essays

Delaware Indians essays Throughout my life as a Native American I have experienced many beautiful aspects of life and many terrifying aspects of life. I come from a tribe we call the Delawares. We were named the Delawares by the English because we lived on the bay named in honor of Lord de la Warr, governor of the English colony at Jamestown in 1610. We are members of the Algonquian linguistic family and are also known as Lenni Lenape, or the common people. Throughout my childhood I was told stories of our family and the tribes past. Every story became more and more interesting to me. I wanted to know the entire history of the Delawares and make sure I would carry on the traditions and lifestyles the best way I could. It has been said that in my great grandfathers time the Delawares owned and occupied a vast and magnificent territory extending along the Atlantic coast from Virginia to Massachusetts. Before the 1620s the Delaware were very powerful people in the land. The traditional home of our tribe in that time was at the River Basin, an area that extends from what is now Southern New York to Delaware Bay. But the location of our tribe on the Atlantic coast brought the tribe into early contact with the English colonists. The Delawares style of living has not changed much since my great grandfathers days. The Delaware tribe has never depended solely upon the chase for subsistence. We grow large fields of corn, squash, beans, sweet potatoes, and tobacco. We manufacture pottery, dressed deerskins, beads or wampum, feather mantels and other ornaments. We also use considerable native copper, which we hammer into ornaments or use for arrowheads and pipes. I sometimes use copper to make stone pipes and bows and arrows. Throughout the many years our implements of war have continually been war clubs, tomahawks, bows and arrows, scalping knives, and spears. We often use spear for killing fish and...

History of Corrections in America Research Paper - 1

History of Corrections in America - Research Paper Example After this period a medical model was adopted widely from 1930s to 1960s when it was replaced by the community model which lasted till 1970s. Crime control model emerged after this with heightened level of crime and sophistication. This short overview shows that numerous changes have occurred and can be a perfect indicator that judging from the past, a great deal is still on the way. This paper will concentrate on the history of corrections in America by touching on evolution of punishment, William penny and Pennsylvania system and related models as they have unfolded with time. For quite a long time colonial America did not have state or federal prisons. This is because the first prisons emerged after the Revolutionary War. Local towns had the responsibility of constructing their own jails. These jails however incarcerated only those sentenced to hanging or other forms of executions. Many states at the time enjoyed separate laws and punishment systems but in general terms, criminal acts were punished through physical means. Some of these physical punishments were quite severe even in those days’ standards for example mutilations of body parts e.g. noses and ears (Cole & Smith, 2007). Others included branding with hot iron, flogging, banishment and hangings among others. Depriving offenders of their liberty was not a common scenario and huge emphasis laid on infliction of pain. It is after the Revolutionary War that people went back to the drawing board to develop new mechanisms of dealing with crime and punishment. At this time America had just rece ived its independence from England and liberty was the most important of all individual assets. Those in positions of governance at the time thought that depriving a person of this treasured asset was a better punishment than the traditional pain-related punishments borrowed from England. Much of Americas and to some extent the world, owe the current developed state of prisons to Philadelphia and

Respond to 2 students papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Respond to 2 students papers - Essay Example The fact that the Black friend did not mean to underpin the White guy shows that racial perception are deeply integrated into our society, and the elimination of the same is difficult. On a higher and sexual orientation level, it provides a crucial understanding of the racial differences when it comes to the LGBTQ identity. A similar assertion on microaggressions is adequately covered and properly researched. Indeed, you claim that it is difficult to point out when this practice occurs correct according to research. Your integration of gender and race in the same is an attractive way of showing your understanding of the topic and the factors around them. In your claim of the most prevalent type of microaggressions, government and workplace depict the primary sources of the same. Specifically, this shows that you are up to date with the modern society and concerned with the events around you. Finally, you conclusion about our socialization about gender perception and identity is profound. Celine, the truth in your post is captivating, and it got me thinking of how many times I have had a non-verbal thought about the disabled and the LGBTQ individuals. For this reason, I have to congratulate you for not only triggering my thought on the same, but also expressing a reality in the society that most of us find it hard to accept. Indeed, most people act what they do not think because the social values and norms prohibit some behaviors. Additionally, as you argue about sexual orientation, gender, gender identity,  transgender, and gender nonconforming  microaggressions, I agree that each person has a right to choose their personality. Although there is the social stereotype based on race and gender, every person is equal and has an independent conscious to make their private choices. Your cultural competence and racial acceptance is exceptional and illuminates what the society should look like. Although not everyone can learn

Interpersonal Communication and Movies Research Paper

Interpersonal Communication and Movies - Research Paper Example In some interpersonal dealings, communication may develop complications due to a host of factors such as in the movie â€Å"A Few Good Men†. This paper shall attempt to dissect the elements of verbal communication especially in taking orders from a superior, the value of truth and honesty and gender differences in military work depicted in the movie. Lefebvre (2008) advises that when speaking, one must also be aware of body language and tone and inflection of voice. She notes that different ideas may be conveyed by simply emphasizing different parts of the statement. Being an active listener helps one understand the message being relayed to him. As the listener, one should hold his response until the speaker is done, and keenly observe nonverbal cues expressed. It must always be remembered that communication is a give and take process. One must learn to wait his turn to be the speaker and the listener (Lefebvre, 2008). This is especially important in courtrooms where cases are tried in order to find the truth, and if ever there is a crime proven, that the perpetrator should be punished and the victim be served the justice they deserve. This has been manifested in the movie â€Å"A Few Good Men† which showed several courtroom scenes in analyzing an alleged misdemeanor by two marines that eventually killed another marine within the confines of the marine base. The court scenes were played very well, giving each party a chance to express him or herself while on trial. However, there are times when both speaker and listener talk at the same time, trying to prove their point and talk over each other. Richmond & McCroskey (2005) contend that interpersonal communication in organizations can either go horizontally, or across co-workers who are considered equals in terms of position in the organization, and vertically, indicating a hierarchy in position that either goes upward towards higher management or downward, towards rank and file. Downward communica tion from management to the employees usually involves job instruction, rationale, ideology, information and feedback. This is most common in the military, where messages are often given as orders from someone from a higher position and is expected to be followed. In the movie, the two marines who allegedly killed a colleague were presumed to be doing so under orders from their superiors. Job instruction includes directions mandated by management such as direct orders, written memos, workshops on how to do the job, and so on. An example is how a marine should behave when there is an officer approaching. Rationale is the rationalization or explanation of a duty or assignment and how it is compatible with what the personnel are already doing. An example of this is explaining why one is posted in an area during his shift. Ideology is the philosophy of the organization that managers expect their employees to share. If they do believe in the same views, then communication would flow much easier within the organization. An example is that in the military, obeying orders from superiors is a must. Information is concerned with acquainting people with general knowledge that they need to know, such as regulations, changes in benefits, and general policies. Feedback is the superior's way of giving his subordinates information about how they are doing. This is usually expressed as praise, recognition,

The Banking Crisis in the UK and the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Banking Crisis in the UK and the US - Essay Example ISA (UK & Ireland) 300 gives the right of independence to public auditors with respect to compliance with ethical requirements. ISA 300 also allows auditors to consider acceptance of the audit engagement before starting the audit. ISA 315 (UK & Ireland) gives the auditors to understand the internal governance system pertaining to risks of material misstatements and ISA 330 (UK & Ireland) even gives the auditors the right to extend the audit scope to carry out sufficient tests of controls. Given the level of empowerment to Public Auditors by the ISA, they would definitely be expected to stand and answer the reasons of this sudden turmoil in banking & financial services industry as if a time bomb was planted to be exploded and they couldn't detect the same. The financial crisis in the UK and the United States has occurred due to the same primary factor - uncontrolled Sub-Prime lending and sale of packaged "Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs)". Sub-Prime lending initially started with loan products for customers that do not possess a clean credit history or regular source of income. The risks against such lending were managed by acquiring collaterals of better valuation. This is the reason that the home mortgage market in both UK and the US was selected as the most suitable area for productizing sub-prime lending packages given that the property markets in both countries were booming. Banks perceived clear advantages in acquiring the homes as collaterals under mortgage deals. But the rising prices of homes were of no benefit to banks. Hence, they found a method of gaining out of the increasing valuations of the home prices - the "Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs)". The banks in UK & US modified their loan management life cycle w hereby the loans backed by collaterals (home mortgages) that were originally withheld by the banks internally were pooled into what is known as "Special Purpose Vehicles" or "Special Investment Vehicles" To determine the valuation of the CDOs, a new role called "Pooling Underwriter" was created in every bank in these two countries. The CDOs were sold to external investors thus developing the notion of money flowing through "conduits" from investors to borrowers that de-risked the banks. As a result, these loans went out of the balance sheet of the banks and a new asset called "derivatives" was added in the

ECONOMICS 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ECONOMICS 2 - Essay Example An example of an oligopoly is the airline industry. The airline industry is regulated by several agencies. There regulations that protect consumers against noise pollution. The prices of the fuel that the airlines utilized are regulated. The type of goods that a person can carry into an airplane is regulated. Aircrafts must comply with safety regulations. Oligopolies are market structure in which there are limited numbers of participants, while monopolies have only one player. The reason regulations are so important in these two market structures is because the general public must be protected from collusion and unfair practices from these firms. In monopolies regulations become more critical due to the power that the monopolist holds. Without regulation a monopolist could abuse his power and charge super high prices since competition is non-exist. Industrial regulations protect the customers, but its implementation raises costs. Companies at times have to invest money in new equipme nt to comply with regulations. Regulations that increase labor costs affect the profitability of companies. These costs are passed on the customer in the final price of the service or product. Regulations affect the cost structure of firm in an adverse way.

The Banking Crisis in the UK and the US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

The Banking Crisis in the UK and the US - Essay Example ISA (UK & Ireland) 300 gives the right of independence to public auditors with respect to compliance with ethical requirements. ISA 300 also allows auditors to consider acceptance of the audit engagement before starting the audit. ISA 315 (UK & Ireland) gives the auditors to understand the internal governance system pertaining to risks of material misstatements and ISA 330 (UK & Ireland) even gives the auditors the right to extend the audit scope to carry out sufficient tests of controls. Given the level of empowerment to Public Auditors by the ISA, they would definitely be expected to stand and answer the reasons of this sudden turmoil in banking & financial services industry as if a time bomb was planted to be exploded and they couldn't detect the same. The financial crisis in the UK and the United States has occurred due to the same primary factor - uncontrolled Sub-Prime lending and sale of packaged "Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs)". Sub-Prime lending initially started with loan products for customers that do not possess a clean credit history or regular source of income. The risks against such lending were managed by acquiring collaterals of better valuation. This is the reason that the home mortgage market in both UK and the US was selected as the most suitable area for productizing sub-prime lending packages given that the property markets in both countries were booming. Banks perceived clear advantages in acquiring the homes as collaterals under mortgage deals. But the rising prices of homes were of no benefit to banks. Hence, they found a method of gaining out of the increasing valuations of the home prices - the "Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs)". The banks in UK & US modified their loan management life cycle w hereby the loans backed by collaterals (home mortgages) that were originally withheld by the banks internally were pooled into what is known as "Special Purpose Vehicles" or "Special Investment Vehicles" To determine the valuation of the CDOs, a new role called "Pooling Underwriter" was created in every bank in these two countries. The CDOs were sold to external investors thus developing the notion of money flowing through "conduits" from investors to borrowers that de-risked the banks. As a result, these loans went out of the balance sheet of the banks and a new asset called "derivatives" was added in the

An internet based company research project for my Business management Essay

An internet based company research project for my Business management class - Essay Example The conclusion section summarizes the main ideas presented in the paper, and makes inferences where appropriate. Highlights of the paper include: a background of the company; its nature, mission and products, a description of the current financial standing; earnings or losses of the company, an overview of the problems and issues the company was subjected to, an investigation of the companys current and future business strategies, a summary and conclusions. Johnson & Johnson was established in 1886 in the New Jersey State. The company is very committed to innovative healthcare products (Johnson & Johnson, 2009). This has greatly contributed to the company’s consistent financial performance. Johnson & Johnson has enjoyed dividend increases for 47 consecutive years, adjusted earning increases for 25 consecutive years and sales increases for 76 consecutive years. Johnson & Johnson employs about 119,000 across the world and is involved in manufacturing and selling of healthcare products in a number of countries across the world. The company’s main interest, both currently and historically, is in products that are related to well-being and health (Johnson & Johnson, 2009). Johnson & Johnson strongly believes decentralized management principles, which it practices. The company’s executive committee is its principal management group, which ensures effective and efficient operations of the company. Furthermore, a number of members of the Executive Committee are also Group Operating Committee chairpersons. This committee comprises of management experts in a number of specialized functions and managers representing main operations within this group. The Committees are charged with the responsibility of overseeing and coordinating both international and domestic activities related to every Professional, Pharmaceutical and Consumer segments of

1987 Constitution Interpretation Essay Example for Free

1987 Constitution Interpretation Essay By the 1850’s The Constitution, originally framed as an instrument of national unity, had become a source of sectional discord and tension and ultimately contributed to the failure of the union it had created. This is all shown by the misinterpretations of the Constitution and documents that followed on many occasions and topics. The Constitution was never explained to how it was meant to be interpreted, which cause many disagreements, which ultimately started sectionalism, which is the loyalty to interests or views in one’s region of a country rather than the views or interests of the country as a whole. Sectionalism kick started the idea of sucession from the union, which started the bloodiest war on american soil, the Civil War. The misinterpretation on the views of slavery was the biggest argument as shown in multiple documents, (Document E), â€Å"To the Argument, that the word ‘slaves’ and ‘slavery’ are not to be found in the Constitution, and therefore it was never intended to give any protection or countenance to the slave system, it is sufficient to reply, that no such words are continued in the instrument, other words were used, intelligently and specifically, to meet the necessities of slavery.† This basically means that the constitution could have many interpretations on the basis that no â€Å"right† interpretation was ever stated.There were many feuds between documents following the Constitution such as the Compromise of 1850 as show in in the map of (Document A) where the country is broken into 2 parts, not unified because of slavery, along with the Fugitive Slave Law, (Document D)

Knowledge Management in Competitive Advantage

Knowledge Management in Competitive Advantage Introduction â€Å"A companys knowledge management strategy should reflect its competitive strategy: how it creates value for customers; how that value supports an economic model; and how the companys people deliver on the value and the economics. Also, competitive strategy must drive knowledge management strategy.† (Civi, 2000) Competitive strategy is described by Johnson et al (2008) as a firms focus on how to compete successfully in a market. The opening quote directs this essay to look at four areas: knowledge, knowledge management, innovation and acquisitions. The essay aims to display the interdependence of these issues, and demonstrate how they shape a firms competitive strategy. GlaxoSmithKline [GSK] is one of the leaders in the pharmaceutical industry, commanding a seven per cent share of the worlds pharmaceutical market (GlaxoSmithKline, 2009). GSKs mission is to develop innovative medicines and products that help millions of people around the world. As a company with a firm foundation in science, GSK have a flair for research and a track record of turning their research into powerful, marketable drugs. Every hour GSK spends more than  £300,000 on research and development (GlaxoSmithKline, 2009). Currently, a prevailing topic in the pharmaceutical industry is the acquisition of small biotechnology firms by the big pharmaceutical companies for their knowledge (The Economist, 2009). Innovation and acquisition are, therefore, fundamental to GSKs competitive strategy. For these reasons GSK is an ideal candidate as a reference to the discussion of this essay. Knowledge â€Å"At the strategic level the organization needs to be able to analyze and plan its business in terms of the knowledge it currently has and the knowledge it needs for future business processes.† (Civi, 2000). According to Civi (2000) the only sustainable advantage of an organization is what people know and what they do with it. The most crucial knowledge is that which is tacit. As Hamel (1991) states, tacit knowledge is highly personal, and hard to formalize. This makes it difficult to share with others and an elementary part of a firms competitive strategy, and complements Civis view that knowledge is needed for future business processes. Based on this, knowledge is the most important resource a company has. The Resource Based View [RBV] of the firm complements strategy, and is a determinant of competitive advantage (Porter, 1979). RBV assumes that the firm is a bundle of resources which are heterogeneously distributed. Researchers have theorized that when firms have resources that are valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable, they can achieve sustained competitive advantage through implementing fresh value creating strategies which cannot be easily duplicated by competitors (Bar ney, 1991). This belief links directly back to our opening quote regarding value creation, and manifests how knowledge can be exploited and can shape the strategy of the firm. It allows managers and others to build new thinking in the firm, and is a particularly crucial capability in the pharmaceutical industry (Helfat, 1997). Knowledge management A goal of GSK is to build a learning organization by leveraging their knowledge. According to Chase (1997) GSK looks to achieve their goals by delivering innovative medicines to the market place and building core competences for the future through acquisition. This supports the argument that knowledge management plays a significant role in shaping the competitive strategy of GSK through innovation and acquisition. Unlike tangible assets, knowledge does not diminish in value, and through its role as architect shapes the competitive strategy and competencies of the firm, it therefore requires careful management. Knowledge management is a business and institutional process through which firms create knowledge, as (Daveport Prusak, 1998) articulate â€Å"knowledge management is a fluid mix of framed experience, values, and contextual information and expert insight that provides a framework for evaluating and incorporating new experiences and information†. Having come to recognition in the early 1990s, knowledge management was adopted by Glaxo Wellcome in 1997 when it launched a Senior Executive Programme whereby it united 300 of its executives. Its objectives were to share learning across boundaries, build new networks and to inspire entrepreneurial initiatives to stimulate business growth. As (Chase, 1997) stated â€Å"Glaxo Wellcome is rapidly building its knowledge infrastructure; lear ning from reflection and review; benchmarking internally and externally; and creating dynamic adaptive systems which respond to change.† This exemplifies the role of knowledge management in competitive strategy. It is further supported by Eisenhardt and Martin (2000) who describe strategic decision making as a dynamic capability in which managers pool their various functional, business and personal expertise to make the choices that shape the major strategic moves of the firm. As a resource, knowledge is considered as multi faceted, and is an essential starting point for the embodiment of knowledge within organizations, and their overall effective use of knowledge management (McAdam McCreedy, 1999). The ultimate objective of knowledge management is indeed its ‘use, wherein ‘use is the commercial value for the customer, and is easily attributable to innovation (Wilkinson Wilmott, 1994). Innovation â€Å"Innovation involves the conversion of new knowledge into a new product, process or service and the putting of this new product, process or service into use, either by the marketplace or other methods of delivery† (Johnson, Scholes, Whittington, 2008). In the context of intense global competition and the continuously increasing pace of technological development, innovation is considered as mandatory for survival in such a dynamic market environment (Nonaka Kenney, 1991). In this context, more than ever, companies are forced to renew their product portfolio. Only with new products can they sustain their competitive position, and linking back to knowledge management, many researchers believe that tacit knowledge forms the foundation for building a sustainable competitive advantage (Seidler-de Alwis Hartmann, 2008). Jean-Pierre Garnier realized that without huge innovation the company would be at risk from competition and be unable to sustain its market share. Garniers competitive strategy revolutionized GSKs drug discovery and innovation. He commissioned three new drug discovery factories in Madrid, the UK and Pennsylvania, costing $270 million. Each day these factories conduct over 300,000 tests, and have paved the way to speedier drug discovery, providing GSK with the ability to produce a drug in just 3 years half the industry average (Anon, 2004). As a result, in February 2009 GSK had 149 products in its pipeline, more than double the number of rival Merck who had just 74 (GlaxoSmithKline, 2009). This demonstrates the role of knowledge management in creating innovative capabilities, and highlights competitive advantage. Innovation is a key aspect of competitive strategy, and offers the direction for growth. One strategy used by GSK is open innovation. As (Johnson, Scholes, Whittington, 2008) confer â€Å"successful innovation is typically done through relationships.† At GSK, ten of their eleven top consumer healthcare brands began as collaborations with outside innovators (GlaxoSmithKline, 2009), Panadol is the number one over-the counter consumer healthcare product internationally, whilst Sensodyne ranks number two internationally in oral care (Wright James, 2009). GSKs consumer healthcare innovation portal appeals to external innovators and provides access to technology experts who nurture ideas into innovations that align with the companys competitive strategy. It is achieved through legal partnerships, which create mutually beneficial relationships, bringing new ideas to life (GlaxoSmithKline, 2009). A further example of such open innovation was GSKs announcement to share research and p atent portfolios for HIV drugs with its rival Pfizer in a hope of accelerating drug development in this area and create value for customers in less developed countries (The Economist, 2009). This merged business created revenue of $1.6 billion last year, and further exhibits how knowledge management and the pursuit of new knowledge can shape competitive strategy. Acquisition Acquisition routines bring new resources, and are a source of much sought after external linkages, which distribute knowledge and technology into the firm (Gulati, 1999). Two important acquisition incentives are those of market expansion and extending product portfolios (Atuahene-Gima Patterson, 1993). These incentives are today shaping GSKs competitive strategy under the guidance of Andrew Witty. In early 2009 GSK acquired Bristol-Myers Squibb Pakistan for $36.5 million. The deal meant that GSK acquired a portfolio of over 30 well established pharmaceutical brands and bolstered its position as the top selling pharmaceutical company in emerging markets. The portfolio is complementary to GSK, and provides a wealth of new opportunities in fast growing market areas to create value for both the firm and its customers (Bicknell, 2008). This once more exemplifies the role that knowledge management can have in acquisition, and therefore competitive strategy of GSK. â€Å"Strategies are both plans for the future and patterns from the past† (Mintzberg, 1987). This statement recognizes the need for knowledge management due to its inherent experience, values, and contextual information in crafting strategy. It also recognizes the need to identify current knowledge and that knowledge which it needs for future business growth. Powell et al (1996) found that knowledge creation processes that included external linkages in the form of alliances and acquisitions led to superior RD performance. As (Eisenhardt Martin, 2000) also found, external linkages were crucial to effective knowledge creation in their extensive study of the pharmaceutical industry. Glaxos  £9.1 billion acquisition of Burroughs Wellcome in 1995 was driven by expectations of cost savings , a strengthened product pipeline and improved market position as well as the challenges presented by the expiry of the patent of Zantac; Glaxos and the industrys first blockbuster drug (James , 2002). Thus, RBV emphasizes that successful strategy is based on a firms ability to identify, accumulate and deploy resources that match market opportunities and are difficult for competitors to imitate (Amit Schoemaker, 1993). Acquisitions can further help firms reconfigure their resources, allowing adjustment to a changing business environment; in GSKs case it strengthened their ability to deliver their mission, and ultimately the values behind their strategy. This further attests the role of knowledge management in crafting competitive strategy, and supports the need for acquisitions to maintain a competitive advantage. Conclusion Knowledge management should reflect the competitive strategy of the firm, and a firms competitive strategy must drive knowledge management. By exploring knowledge, knowledge management, innovation and acquisitions this work has evaluated knowledge as an asset integral to the firms competitive strategy. In the case of GSK, they have formed their own knowledge management strategy, and identified the importance of knowledge in guiding their innovation and acquisitions. Knowledge management, therefore, plays a major role in GSKs strategy. President John F. Kennedy once said: â€Å"In a time of turbulence and change, it is truer than ever that knowledge is power†. This essay has emanated Kennedys quote by identifying knowledge as the crux of new thinking and value creation, and therefore, economic power. As discussed, knowledge not only complements a firms strategy but also provides competitive advantage. At GSK this knowledge is transformed into powerful, marketable drugs. Shepard (2000) further supports this point by stating that knowledge, while difficult to quantify, and even more difficult to manage is a strategic corporate asset. Having recognized the importance of knowledge to the firm, this work then directed towards knowledge management. As was displayed, GSK adopted their own knowledge management strategy in a bid to encourage entrepreneurial initiatives and stimulate business growth through the release of knowledge. As (Halawi, McCarthy, Aronson, 2006) comment, â€Å"an organization managing knowledge well has the potential to create significant value, but only if it is linked to its overall strategy.† This reinforces the opening quote, and also provides the foundation not only to GSKs knowledge management, but also to their innovation and acquisition. The role of knowledge management is to find, understand and use knowledge to create value, thereby guiding a firms competitive strategy. Innovation is an encapsulation of the ‘use of knowledge management. It can be seen that knowledge management is the formulation of and access to knowledge, experience and expertise that encourage innovation. At GSK this is pursued both in-house and through open innovative relationships. As Halawi et al (2006) support â€Å"knowledge management pleads you to gaze at the informal networks and protocols, sharing experiences and know-how, in addition to cultural and technological elements that drive creativity and innovation.† The discussion finally examined acquisition as a strategy for creating external linkages and delivering new resources and that would not only improve the firms competitiveness but also RD and innovation. Glaxos acquisition of Burroughs Wellcome and Bristol-Myers Squibb Pakistan clearly illustrate this and show knowledge managements role as a driver behind GSKs acquisitions. Through detailing the four areas in this essay, and linking knowledge management and competitive strategy this work has shown that knowledge management can and does play an integral role in shaping the competitive strategy of the firm. It creates competitive advantage and develops core competences. At GSK, this has been achieved through its own knowledge management strategy, innovation and acquisition. It must be noted, however, that many organizations do not understand the strategic importance of their knowledge assets in building, and maintaining sustainable competitive advantage (Halawi, McCarthy, Aronson, 2006). Bibliography Amit, R., Schoemaker, P. (1993). Strategic assets and organizational rent. Strategic Management Journal 14 , 33-46. Anon. (2004). Innovation at GlaxoSmithKline: is it the safest way?: How to ensure creativity enhances your business without threatening the bottom line. Strategic Direction , 16-18. Atuahene-Gima, K., Patterson, P. (1993). Managerial perceptions of technology licensing as an alternative to RD in new product development: an empirical investigation. RD Management 23 (4) , 327-336. Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management 17 (1) , 99-120. Bicknell, S. (2008, December). BMS: Company News. Retrieved December 1, 2009, from Bloomberg: http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=conewsstoryrefer=conewstkr=BMY:USsid=a7nwjjqlOaxc Chase, R. L. (1997). Knowledge management benchmarks. Journal of Knowledge Management , 83-92. Civi, E. (2000). Knowledge management as a competitive asset: a review. Market Intelligence and Planning 18/4 , 166-174. Daveport, T., Prusak, L. (1998). Working Knowledge. Harvard Business School Press , 35-90. Eisenhardt, K., Martin, J. (2000). Dynamic capabilities: What are they? Strategic Management Journal 21 , 1105-1121. GlaxoSmithKline. (2009, September 7). About GSK. Retrieved November 29, 2009, from GlaxoSmithKline Website: http://www.gsk.co.uk/about/index.html GlaxoSmithKline. (2009). GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare. Retrieved November 27, 2009, from Glaxo Smith Kline Website: www.innovation.gsk.com GlaxoSmithKline. (2009, February). GlaxoSmithKline Investors. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from GlaxoSmithKline Website: http://www.gsk.com/investors/product_pipeline/docs/gsk-pipeline-feb09.pdf Gulati, R. (1999). Network location and learning: the influence of network resources and firm capabilities on alliance formation. Strategic Management Journal 20 (5) , 397-420. Halawi, L., McCarthy, R., Aronson, J. (2006). Knowledge management and the competitive strategy of the firm. The Learning Organisation , 384-397. Hamel, G. (1991). Competition for competence and interpartner learning within international strategic alliances. Strategic Management Journal 12 , 83-102. Helfat, C. (1997). Know-how and asset complementarity and dynamic capabilty accumulation. Strategic Management Journal 18 (5) , 339-360. James, A. (2002). The Strategic Management of Mergers and Acquisitions in the Pharmaceutical Industry: Developing a Resource-based Perspective. Technology Analysis Strategic Management 14 (3) , 299-313. Johnson, G., Scholes, K., Whittington, R. (2008). Exploring Corporate Strategy. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Mansfield, E. (1988). The speed and cost of industrial innovation in Japan and the United States: external vs internal technology. Management Science 34 (10) , 1157-1168. McAdam, R., McCreedy, S. (1999). The Process of Knowledge Management within Organizations: a Critical Assessment of both Theory and Practice. Knowledge and Process Management 6 (2) , 101-113. Mintzberg, H. (1987). Crafting Strategy. Harvard Business Review July-August , 66-75. Nonaka, I., Kenney, M. (1991). Towards a new theory of innovation management: a case study comparing Canon and Apple. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management 8 , 67-83. Porter, M. (1979). How competitive forces shape strategy. Harvard Business Review 57 (2) , 137-145. Powell, W., Koput, K., Smith-Doerr, L. (1996). Interorganizational collaboration and the locus of innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly 41 (1) , 116-145. Seidler-de Alwis, R., Hartmann, R. (2008). The use of tacit knowledge within innovative companies: knowledge management in innovative enterprises. Journal of Knowledge Management 12 (1) , 133-147. Shepard, S. (2000). Telecommunications Convergence. New York: McGraw Hill. The Economist. (2009, August 6). Big drug firms embrace generics. Retrieved November 29, 2009, from The Economist: http://www.economist.com/businessfinance/displaystory.cfm?story_id=E1_TQTSSVVJ The Economist. (2009, July 16). New initiatives to cure diseases of the poor world. Retrieved November 28, 2009, from The Economist: http://www.economist.com/research/articlesBySubject/displaystory.cfm?subjectid=531766story_id=E1_TQDPTQNQ Wilkinson, A., Wilmott, H. (1994). Making Quality Critical: New Perspectives on Organisational Change. London: Routledge. Wright, T., James, K. (2009). Innovation and Marketing Excellence. London: GSK.

Online Privacy at What Cost Essay -- Essays Papers

Online Privacy at What Cost When the constitution was written over two hundred years ago, our founding fathers probably did not have the Internet in mind. Since then, United States citizen along with their elected officials have tried to keep the rights of each American sacred, no matter what the cost. The major right that has been fought over since the dawn of the USA, has been that of the freedom of speech. Now, with the beginning of the twenty-first century, a new freedom of speech is again being examined. This newest freedom of speech is that of Internet privacy, more directly; how much privacy is too much privacy when on the Internet? To explore this question I will be looking at three areas; the freedom of speech of American citizens, the protection of children, and the protection of the United States' government. Should the freedom of speech protect the users of the Internet to write and print whatever they want? The Internet is a great place to interact with the world, since we are all connected as one and have the ability to share our unique cultures with each other with just a type of the keyboard. As long as the material being written is to help enlighten and learn about other places and peoples, then the Internet is a marvelous place for learning. It is when the Internet is used for more perverse propaganda like the neo-Nazi regime or pornography sites that use underage children to arouse its user. When the Internet is perverse with such corrupt material, this is when the Internet should be reexamined as if it should still retain the right of free speech. The privacy of the user into such inflammatory propaganda sites as the 'Aryan Nation Will Rule America', should be monitored, for it is no longer a question o... ...en our children and our national security, there should be none. Today, there are millions of web sites with millions people logging onto them for everything from information to entertainment. The Internet can be a great source of connection with the outside world, but when it contains such inflammatory articles like how to build a nuclear bomb and where would the best place to set it off to cripple America, then it is a matter of protection that the net is monitored. Otherwise, America may wake up one too late, to terrorist at all fronts knowing our secrets, and ready to takeover. Works Cited The Watchman by Jonathan Littman. Little Brown and Company Limited: 1997. Anarchy Online by Charles Platt. HarperCollins Publishers New York, NY: 1996. Cyberwars by Jean Guisnel. Plenum Trade New York: 1997. epic.org www.privacyrights.org www.privacy.org

The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald Essay -- Great Gatsby Fitzgerald Americ

The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald Thesis: The pursuit of the American Dream is a dominant theme throughout The Great Gatsby, which is carried out in various ways by F. Scott Fitzgerald, how the author represents this theme through his characters and their actions is one small aspect of it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Fitzgerald's dominant theme in The Great Gatsby focuses on the corruption of the American Dream. By analyzing high society during the 1920s through the eyes of narrator Nick Carraway, the author reveals that the American Dream has transformed from a pure ideal of security into a convoluted scheme of materialistic power. In support of this message, Fitzgerald highlights the original aspects as well as the new aspects of the American Dream in his tragic story to illustrate that a once impervious dream is now lost forever to the American people. The foundation qualities of the American Dream depicted in The Great Gatsby are perseverance and hope. The most glorified of these characteristics is that of success against is that of success against all odds. The ethic of hard work can be found in the life of young James Gatz, whose focus on becoming a great a man is carefully documented in his ?Hopalong Cassidy? journal. When Mr. Gatz shows the tattered book to Nick, he declares, ? Jimmy was bound to get ahead. He always has some resolves like this or something. Do you notice what he?s got about improving his mind? He was always great for that? (Fitzgerald, pg 182). The journal portrays the continual struggle for self-improvement, which has defined the image of America as a land of opportunity. ?By comparing the young James Gatz to the young Benjamin Franklin, Fitzgerald proves that the American Dream is indeed able to survive in the face of modern society.?(Website) A society naturally breaks up in into various social groups over time. Members of lower statuses constantly suppose that their problems will be resolved if they gain enough wealth to reach the upper class. Many interpret the American dream as being this passage to high social status and once reaching that point, not having to concern about money at all. Though, the American Dream involves more than the social and economic standings of an individual. ?The dream involves attaining a balance between the spiritual strength and the physical strength of an individual.?(Lehan, pg.53) Jay Gatsby fails to reach... ...esurrected. Through the unfolding events of a doomed romance, Fitzgerald simultaneously unfolds the tragic fate of American values. Gatsby possesses an extreme imbalance between the material and spiritual sides of himself. His ultimate goal of love swaps places with his secondary goal of becoming rich. He portrays the ultimate failure of the American Dream in that individuals tend to believe wealth is everything. Historically, America was the new world of endless opportunity and wealth. But a nation cannot operate solely on materialism. The spirits of individuals are the true composition of a nation. Gatsby and the other characters of his story act as vessels for the author?s true message- the American Dream, once a pure and mighty ideal has been buried and is pressed into the ground by the inhuman void of money. Nick Caraway conveys this message as an outsider, an honest man who is witnessing the entire ordeal as an observer. The Great Gatsby is not the tribute of a name named Jay Gatsby; rather, it is the tribute of an institution which once was, but is now gone and can never be. Works Cited: Fitzgerald, Scott F. The Great Gatsby. Simon and Schuster, New York. 1925.

Hawk Roosting Critical Essay

Hawk Roosting: Critical Essay Kieran Mooney Task: Choose a poem which is a specific poetic form. Show how the particular form helped your appreciation of the ideas and/or feelings which the poem explores. In your answer you must refer closely to the text and at least two of; form, theme, imagery, or any other appropriate features. â€Å"Hawk Roosting† is a poem by Ted Hughes. The poem helps the reader appreciate the ideas and feelings which are explored throughout the poem. This is skilfully done through form, imagery and word choice over the course of the poem. The poem is about a hawk resting high up in a tree. Through a monologue, the poem reveals the hawk to be a steady-minded, rational and believable character. In the first stanza, the poet begins to hint to the reader what sort of personality the hawk has. He does this in the first line if the poem: â€Å"I sit in the top of the wood, my eyes closed† This suggests to the reader that the hawk has no fear. This is shown by the words ‘eyes closed’. The word ‘top’ signifies that the hawk is the top in the forest and that he rules the forest, and that there is nobody above, or more powerful than him. The hawk is again referred to being powerful in the line: â€Å"Between my hooked head and hooked feet† In this line the alliteration of ‘h’ together with the assonance in ‘oo’ makes the reader drag out the word ‘hooked’, which emphasises the word and the hard harsh sound contained in it. This portrays a dangerous and rugged view of the hawk. Stanza two shows the reader that the hawk believes the elements that are there are ‘of advantage’ to him: The air’s buoyance and the sun’s ray, Are of advantage to me† This shows the hawk feels everything is there to assist him, and that he is the reason all the elements exist. The poet uses personification to describe the ‘air’ and the ‘sun’, this tells the reader the hawk feels they are on his side and he rules them, like a general inspecting his troops. This idea is continued in stanza three with: â€Å"And the earth’s face upwards for my inspection† This again makes the reader aware of the hawk’s superiority and reminds them that the hawk is not going to give up his position without a fight. The hawk goes on to tell the reader: â€Å"It took the whole of Creation to produce my foot, my each feather. Now I hold creation in my foot† This shows the hawk is a well-designed creature, and is perfectly adapted for living in the woods. The quote also shows the hawk to be arrogant and obnoxious, as he feels he is better that his Creator, God, as having exceeded him. In Stanza four the idea of superiority is shown present once again: â€Å"I kill where I please because it is all mine† This clearly states where the hawk believes he stands, and shows that he has no remorse for any of the other creatures. The idea that the hawk is a ruthless killer, and he kills his prey without a second thought, culpability or being beleaguered by his integrity. The hawk again shows his power: â€Å"There is no sophistry in my body. My manners are tearing off heads† This show to the reader that the hawk to be lethal and vicious. It also shows that because he is on top, the hawk does not need to be polite, respectful or sophisticated, and that he feels no empathy for their pain or suffering, and has no regard to killing them. This further shows his merciless nature. The fifth stanza is the hawk describing his home as ‘the allotment of death’. This shows the reader the hawk has total power and control over everything and reinforces the fact that he feels he can kill what and where he likes without any consideration. It also tells us: â€Å"For the one path of m flight is direct, through the bones of the living† This gives the reader an extremely gruesome and graphic image of the hawk killing its prey, and shows us the reality of his predator behaviour. It also links back to ‘no sophistry’ and ‘tearing off head’ to strengthen the fact that he is a powerful cold blooded killer. We are told: â€Å"No arguments assert my right† This demonstrates that the hawk is indeed the top predator in the forest and that nobody dares to challenge him for his position. In the final stanza, stanza six, we are given a haughty, self-flattering closing statement from the hawk: â€Å"Nothing has changed since I began. My eye has permitted no change. I am going to keep thing like this† This shows us the hawk is well aware of the effect he has on the environment and is instinctive in his actions. He is content with the way things have turned out and are not going to let them change easily, especially as the odds are in his favour. he is going to try keep things running his way as changing things would upset the natural rhythm of life. In conclusion, â€Å"Hawk Roosting† is a poem which helps the reader appreciate the ideas and feelings which are explored throughout the poem, through the poets use of imagery and word choice throughout the poem. [900 words]

Animals’ Roles in The Wars Essay

Written by Timothy Findley in 1977, The Wars is a novel that explores the theme of young human life under the pressing concerns during the war, specifically the First World War, seeing the world of soldiers turn into a world of violence, and how these soldiers have turned into brutes themselves. The character of Robert Ross, a nineteen year-old Canadian officer and whose life is narrated mostly from the third-person point of view, is revealed as a character that has a concern for animals—thus prompting Ross to save the horses which cost him his life in the end—amidst the brutal turn of events where death was almost certain in the killing fields. The birds, coyote and rabbits also symbolize certain events in the story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Soldiers are typically known to be highly sensitive of their surroundings when in the fields for they cannot exactly pinpoint where and when combat might ensue or from what direction the enemy might be coming from. This is perhaps one of the reasons why Ross was able to notice the chirping of the birds while he and the rest of the soldiers were out in the war. Ross was able to take notice of the fact that each time the birds stopped singing, an attack from the enemy soon takes place. Perhaps it was mere coincidence, although one can strongly tie that event with the attacks that followed thereafter as birds are familiar with their environment more than the soldiers; slight changes in their environment, especially changes which have a lot to do with probable dangers; cause the birds to fly away. Taken with the context of the encounters of Ross with the birds, it can be said that those birds served as warning signs for the young soldier. Whenever the birds stopped singing, it is almost certain that Ross is about to encounter danger along the way. â€Å"The birds, being gone, had taken some mysterious presence with them (p. 81),† showing how the sudden absence of these birds felt rather unusual, as if to signal something bad is about to happen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It is unusual as well for man and beast to have a close relationship, especially when the animal is known to be a hunter and can be a threat to the security of man. But more than that, any relationship between man and beast can mean simple companionship to a deep friendship. As far as Ross and the coyote are concerned, it can be said that the animal accompanied the young soldier to a certain extent in the story. â€Å"One night, Robert ran with a coyote (p. 25)† and when the men were out for a drink the coyote also â€Å"drunk at the brink (p. 27)† of the water â€Å"and suddenly sat (p. 28).† An observation of these rather unusual events would tell us that the coyote acted as if it was a member of the soldiers. This is interesting as it presents a revealing irony one can not easily notice; soldiers in the war, as Ross himself has observed, are violent men who are more like beasts who wielded weapons to kill. With the presence of the coyote among the group, it can be said that they, too, were much like the coyote. The soldiers, in fact, â€Å"gathered like whispering conspirators around the edges of a bright sheet of water (p. 27),† a sly trait typical to that of coyotes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While coyotes symbolize how men in the war have turned into beasts, rabbits on the other hand serve as reminders for Ross to treat animals in general with respect as if they were human beings. On one occasion, Ross was hesitant to kill the rabbits as ordered by his estranged mother, Mrs. Ross, shortly after the death of Rowena, Robert’s older sister, since they gave him memories about his older sister and since Rowena owned those rabbits. â€Å"Rabbits had to die, and Robert had to do it (p. 18),† which presents one conflict in the novel—the conflict between the command to destroy the animals which pin back memories and the apparent weakness of the main protagonist to kill even animals. It can be said that if Ross decides to kill the rabbits, it was like as if he has killed the memories of Rowena. If he decides not to kill them, it proves that he is unable to even wield a weapon against these small animals, which is of course not a good sign for someone who would enlist in the army during the war. It also shows how Ross was more human than anybody else in the story, especially his estranged mother and the rest of the soldiers in his group. His inclination to preserve whatever memory remains from the departed tells us that Ross is not keen to destroy, or that he is not a natural â€Å"destroyer† of animal life which, ironically, cost him his life as he tried to save some of the Army horses after killing two of his fellow soldiers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The point where Ross tries to save the Army horses was also the time when he finally turned to madness and prompted him to kill the lives of his fellowmen. Apparently, it is a contrast which tells us that insanity can push a person to kill other people yet care for beasts. That is because Ross himself has finally become a beast near the end of the story and, thus, he is now more than inclined to save his own kind rather than protect and preserve the life of other men. He is no longer the same man at the start of the story who was afraid to kill. This transformation can be attributed to the onslaught of the war, which seemed to have absorbed Robert right into it. As he was now unable to rise above the madness of the war, Robert Ross eventually turned quite like the rest of the army, willing to kill and die just so to save other lives although this time he saved the lives of horses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The animals in the story offer an interesting insight into some important events in the novel, especially in terms of how the life of the protagonist, Robert Ross, always hanged in the balance of making crucial decisions. In general, the story is able to reveal how the lives of soldiers always deal with certain conflicts individually and together as a group. Findley’s novel is also able to show how young minds of young individuals tend to fold under pressing moments in their lives. Reference Findley, T. (1996). The Wars. Penguin: Canada.

The controversy of MLDA PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The controversy of MLDA - PowerPoint Presentation Example However, this paper presents the arguments and statistics put forward by the two sides of the controversy in supporting their claims. The Controversy of MLDA MLDA or the minimum legal age for drinking has been one controversial issue ever since its inception in the 1850s. This controversy arises from the proponents and opponents of either raising or lowering the MLDA. Before establishing the controversy, it is important to examine a brief history of the MLDA. After prohibition ended, many states restricted the access of alcohol by the youth by designating 21 years as the minimum legal age for drinking. However, between the years of 1970 and 1975, about 29 states reduced the MLDA to eighteen, nineteen, or twenty years, (AMA 1). This was a time when the lowest age for activities such as voting was also being reduced. At this time, scientists started studying the impacts of a reduced MLDA, by focusing on motor vehicle accidents, the leading cause death of teenagers. Several such studies indicated that accidents significantly increased among teens when MLDA was reduced. Armed with the facts that a lower age for drinking led to more traffic fatalities and injuries among the youth, citizen advocacy groups piled pressure on states to restore MLDA to 21 years. Indeed, between 1976 and 1983, 16 states increased their drinking age. This was met with resistance from other states amid rising concerns that minors would traverse across state lines in order to purchase and consume liquor. This prompted the federal government to pass the Uniform Drinking Act. Among alcohol policies, MLDA is the most studied, with studies mainly focusing on the effects of either a higher or lower MLDA, (AMA 1). Therefore, MLDA continues to elicit controversy even as all the 50 states have set the MLDA at 21 years, with exceptions existing in different states regarding consumption at home, medical necessity, and under adult supervision among others. So where does the controversy lie? Those who p ropose the reduction in the MLDA from 21 years argue that it has not put a stop to teenage drinking. Instead, it has transferred underage binge drinking into private and less restricted environments, and this has led to increased health and life-threatening behavior by teenagers. For example, while many believe that people who are under the age of 21 years are prohibited from alcohol consumption in the US, underage drinking is permitted in 29 states if it is done on private premises with parental consent, in 25 states if used for religious purposes, and in 7 states of it used for educational purposes. Those who oppose the lowering of the minimum age for drinking argue that teenagers have not yet attained an age where they are capable of responsibly handling alcohol, and hence have a higher likelihood of causing harm and even killing themselves or others by drinking prior to the age of 21. Their perception is that when the lowest age for drinking is increased, the number of traffic f atalities decrease. In fact, research findings tend to support the claims by the people who oppose the lowering of the MLDA. According to the American Medical Association (1), a higher drinking age is successful in curbing alcohol-related deaths and injuries among the youth. When the age is lowered, the death and injury rates increase. When the age is increased, the death and injury rates decrease. This also means that the number of motor vehicle accidents decrease with an increase in drinking age.

Discuss the contribution British colonialism made to the accumulation Term Paper

Discuss the contribution British colonialism made to the accumulation of capital during the First Industrial Revolution - Term Paper Example The British colonial expansion was motivated by various factors. One of them was the need to make profits across the world. Due to the Britain’s desire to strengthen its economy, it decided to expand its colonies so as to access more land wherein they would invest. The need for Britain to establish both political and religious freedom was a motivation for colonial expansion as suggested by Liska (187). Britain wanted to ensure that most of the people in the world adopted their religion. By expanding its colonial interests the country was able to gain more followers. There was also the issue of political freedom which forced Britain to increase the number of colonies that it had so that it could rule the larger part of the world. The need for better life by the Britons also motivated their need to expand its colonial interests. The Britons needed big tracts of land where they could settle without congestion. As a result, Britain ventured across the world expanding its territori es in order to acquire more land for its nationals. The fact that Britain had managed to acquire slaves motivated it to colonize more places considering that the slaves could be used as workers. There was also a growing need for more plantation areas where the slaves could be taken to work for the benefit of the British economy. Yet another factor that motivated Britain’s colonial activities was the need for new markets. After increasing its production capacities, Britain no doubt needed markets in which to sell its products. The country also needed raw materials for its industries and the easiest way that this could be done was to get them from colonies. The desire of the British colonialists to have control of the most strategic places in the world motivated the country’s need for industrial expansion. The industrial revolution was another motivation for colonial expansion as it brought with it great effects. Essentially the increase in industrial production and the expansion of urban centers brought much wealth and overcrowding making it a necessity to seek more land for expansion. British colonial expansion was faced with a number of remarkable constraints. One of these constraints was the economic imbalance. Britain was relying more on imported raw materials from its colonies and other territories more than on the export of products. This state of events led to an unfavorable balance of trade in Britain. There was also growing competition from industrialized countries as they had new factories and had access to inexpensive labor as suggested by West (132). Fighting this completion was a major challenge to Britain colonial expansion. Due to the economic changes there also arose political issues which were a major challenge to colonial expansion. Britain experienced a transformation of the political parties that existed during the pre-industrial period. They were getting fragmented into various interest groups such as land owners, industrialis t, labor unions and bankers. This made politicians to become disunited and desperate for new ideologies which would unite the colonies. The international tension which was increasingly heightening was another constraint for British colonial expansion. The emergence of strongly integrated German and Italy greatly impacted the weak balance of power in the European countries. These adversely affected Britain which faced rebellion from

Early childhood education in relation to children with additional Essay

Early childhood education in relation to children with additional needs - Essay Example The early years in the life of a child are considered to be crucial since they form a foundation of their future. At this stage the child goes through developmental and learning stages. There are children with specialized or additional needs including physical and mental disabilities, children from ethnic minority groups and those from low income families. Early childhood educator should be equipped with the skills to identify such children and treat them accordingly. Childhood settings should on the other hand provide the right facilities and resources to ensure that the children get the appropriate care. The family has a role to play in identification of the children. Identification at early age benefits the child since they start receiving specialized treatment with immediate effect. Changes should be effected to improve the treatment and address their needs early enough. Keywords: Early childhood education, Childhood educators and Childhood settings.The early years (from birth to five years of age) in the life of a child are considered to be very important. At this age, children go through a variety of learning stages each while making great steps and the lessons learnt form an important foundation for experiences in their later life. Children go through developmental and learning processes and parents and childhood educators need to help them develop their mental, emotional, physical and creative skills in fun and enjoyable manner as explained by Ashman and Elkins (2009).

Cultural Food - Tomatoes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cultural Food - Tomatoes - Essay Example There is further speculation as to how the tomato became more widely available. The most popular school of thought is that Cortez, who was a Spanish explorer who took over the now called Mexico City in 1521 took the yellow fruit to Europe where it gained popularity. Another school of thought is that Christopher Columbus was the first to introduce the tomato. Regardless of this, there was mention of the tomato in European literature in 1544 where it was referred to as a golden apple. The modern-day name tomato is derived from the Nahuatl language but the name Lycopersicum literally translated means ‘wolf-peach’. This was thought to be a reflection of the widely held view, particularly in Europe that the fruit was poisonous and could, therefore, be used to protect against wolves. From a very early stage, tomatoes have been seen as a perfect fruit for cooking in many cultures. Culturally they were very important to those in Southern Mexico region of Pueblo thinking that anyone who saw another individual eating a tomato would gain divination powers. Culturally the tomato had a bit of a slower introduction within Europe. Whilst the Mediterranean climate was perfect for tomato growing there was no immediate evidence that it was used as food. There is evidence that the Spanish used the tomato as fruit from the early 1600s although it is possible that it was recognized as a food before then. Clear recipes including tomatoes were published in 1692 but it was also evident that the main role of the tomato across much of Europe was as a table decoration and not as a food. By contrast in England, the tomato did not get cultivated until the late 16th, early 17th century. There is no denying that the tomato has become a critically important element of modern society and recognized on a global level as an important food item. In modern society, there is a positive attitude towards the fruit although deeply rooted historical perceptions have now shaped the symbolic influence of this widely accepted fruit, be it negative or positive.

Leadership communication Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Leadership communication - Term Paper Example It will be beneficial to both of us since I will be motivated to put more effort in my duty while, on the other hand, you will continue enjoying the benefits of leveraging from my skills, experience, and knowledge. Indeed resources can be limited but the resourcefulness of a person has no limits. You can have no resources at all but by making yourself resourceful you will definitely make a difference in your life and even in someone else’s. Personally, I have been working at our family’s pharmaceuticals firm for a considerable amount of time. Initially, when I began the job I was not paid I just took it as a personal initiative to make good use of myself for the overall benefit of our family. I worked diligently to ensuring all management issues are sorted and within a short period the business had expanded considerably. My parents are very grateful for my services since the firm has grown in revenues, and now I am getting a monthly salary. I choose to volunteer, for the job, to put the skills I had learned in school into practice, but it has turned out to be a formal employment. My knowledge and skills have also improved immensely. Recently, I received an invitation from a multi national pharmaceuticals company offering me a lucrative job. The fact that I decide to make myself resourceful has opened new opportunities that are making my life better. The old saying ‘practice makes perfect’ is still relevant in today’s life. When I decided to venture into voluntary work in our family’s business I had no idea of whatever was taking place there but because of the interest that I had for the job I strived to overcome any shortcomings that confronted me. For instance, I made numerous mistakes in my entry by misplacing crucial documents and at times making stupid and obvious mistakes. However, I never gave up on

The Case for Mental State in Relation to the Normal Organic Brain and Essay

The Case for Mental State in Relation to the Normal Organic Brain and Non-organic Brain - Essay Example In effect, different experts in the fields of philosophy and medicine will arrive at different deductions on the mental states of patients using different approaches. In the case presented, it is evident that the doctors took these different approaches based on their philosophical principles. However, as a doctor, I consider the friend to have a mental state. In my view, there can be no appropriate approach in reconciling the doctors’ view as basing on the dualist approach, and reinforcing it with the behaviorism approach. The dualist approach acknowledges that, to some extent, the mental state may be described based on the non-physical aspects. In one way, the intelligence of a human being, which is a relative to the mental state, may not be described based on physical identity of the body. This point may not be disputed because even the studies that have sought to qualify the relationship between brain volumes and intelligence have failed, while it is also beyond doubt that one could become consciousness when the brain matter is removed. Yet the common view on why dualism is appealing is the fact that it questions and reconciles the physical and mental attributes of consciousness. For instance, it may be reasonable to ask how a blind snake looks like, how a child’s voice sounds or how it feels to swim in cold water. However, it would become odd to ask about the processes taking place in the hippocampus regions of the brain. These questions point to what is often referred to as the qualia, and it all difficult to give the mind a physical attribute (Kim, 1996). The crucial question is then that if the mental state exists independently, from the physical reality, it should be in the position to account the actual processes of memory construction to inform consciousness. Only duality is in better placed to describe these. Here, an account follows that

Organizational Structure Presentation Essay Example for Free

Organizational Structure Presentation Essay As a manager of Van Rensselaer Manor Nursing Home Rehabilitation Center, we now are going to propose a new addition of long-term care services along with still having services for short-term on an inpatient and outpatient basis. The future of our organization’s growth internally and externally will demand how well we communication our abilities not only to our staff but to our surrounding community. We will be in need of new experience workers for physical therapy, counselors to work with patients and families, along with specialized doctors and nurses. Communication will be the number one factor in finding the right professionals for our organizations growth within the community. Our communication tactics need to be easily understood by all parties, and we need not use overpowering management terms so that employees think we are talking down to them. Effective communication means having everyone on the same page learning from one another while growing inside and outside the organization. Leadership involves good communication among all ranks of the management team and staff. Coaching, mentoring and walking around the office each day getting to know your people personally and their working skills will improve the growth internally and externally of the organization. Effective internal communication starts with our organization having sufficient skills in listening, speaking, questioning and sharing feedback. As a manager, it is my job and my management team to ensure that the most important outcome from the above skills is conveying that we value hearing from others and them hearing from us. Sharing information on a regular basis with the staff is effective communication and will keep the organization’s mission number one in everyone’s goals. â€Å"The main differences between internal and external company communications are the content and the audience. Internal communications include employees and shareholders, such as the companys board of directors or stockholders. External communications include clients, prospective customers and the public.