Language Techniques Essay

1. Conceptual Language: Language portraying thoughts and characteristics as opposed to recognizable or explicit things, individuals, or spots. 2. Similar sounding word usage: The redundancy of introductory consonant sounds, for example, â€Å"Peter Piper picked a peck of salted peppers. † 3. Implication: A reference contained in a work 4. Vagueness: an occasion or circumstance that might be deciphered in more than one way. 5. Similarity: an artistic gadget utilized to fill in as a reason for correlation. It is expected that what applies to the equal circumstance likewise applies to the first situation. As such, it is the correlation between two unique things. 6. Anaphora: redundancy of a word, expression, or condition toward the start of at least two sentences in succession. This is a purposeful type of reiteration and helps make the writer’s point increasingly rational. 7. Account: A story or brief scene told by the author or a character to represent a point. 8. Comment: informative notes added to a book to clarify, refer to sources, or give bibliographical information. 9. Absolute opposite: the introduction of two differentiating pictures. The thoughts are adjusted by expression, condition, or passages. â€Å"To be or not to be . . . † â€Å"It was the best of times; it was the most noticeably terrible of times . . . † â€Å"Ask not what your nation can accomplish for you, approach what you can accomplish for your nation . . . † 10. Contention: A solitary declaration or a progression of attestations introduced and shielded by the author 11. Sound similarity: Repetition of a vowel sound inside at least two words in nearness 12. Disposition: the relationship a creator has toward their subject, as well as their crowd 13. Authority: Arguments that draw on perceived specialists or people with profoundly applicable experience. 14. Sponsorship: Support or proof for a case in a contention 15. Parity: a circumstance where all pieces of the introduction are equivalent, regardless of whether in sentences or passages or areas of a more drawn out work. 16. Making one wonder: Often called roundabout thinking, __ happens when the credibility of the proof relies upon the authenticity of the case. 17. Causal Relationship: In __, an author declares that one thing results from another. To show how one thing produces or achieves another is frequently significant in setting up a coherent contention. 18. Character: the individuals who do the activity of the plot in writing. Major, minor, static, and dynamic are the sorts. 19. Everyday: the utilization of slang recorded as a hard copy, frequently to make neighborhood shading and to give a casual tone. Huckleberry Finn in written in a __ style. 20. Lighthearted element: the incorporation of a hilarious character or scene to stand out from the disastrous components of a work, accordingly increasing the following awful occasion. 21. Strife: a conflict between contradicting powers in an artistic work, for example, man versus man; man vs.â nature; man versus God; man versus self 22. Implication: the interpretive level or a word dependent on its related pictures instead of its exacting significance. 23. Consonance: Repetition of a consonant sound inside at least two words in closeness. 24. Aggregate: Sentence which starts with the fundamental thought and afterward develops that thought with a progression of subtleties or different points of interest 25. Derivation: The way toward moving from a general guideline to a particular model. 26. Indication: the exacting or word reference importance of a word 27. Depiction: The reason for this explanatory mode is to re-make, create, or outwardly present an individual, spot, occasion, or activity with the goal that the peruser can picture that being portrayed. Once in a while a creator connects each of the five detects. 28. Tongue: the diversion of local communicated in language, for example, a Southern one. Hurston utilizes this in Their Eyes Were Watching God. 29. Phrasing: the author’s selection of words that makes tone, demeanor, and style, just as significance 30. Pedantic: composing whose reason for existing is to train or to educate. A ___ work is generally formal and spotlights on good or moral concerns. 31. Emotional Irony: In this sort of incongruity, realities or occasions are obscure to a character in a play or a bit of fiction however known to the peruser, crowd, or different characters in the work 32. Either-or thinking: When the essayist lessens a contention or issue to two total inverses and overlooks any other options. 33. Ellipsis: Indicated by a progression of three periods, the __ shows that some material has been overlooked from a given book. 34. Moral Appeal: When an author attempts to convince the crowd to regard and trust that person dependent on an introduction of picture of self through the content. 35. Ethos: an intrigue dependent on the character of the speaker. A __-driven archive depends on the notoriety of the creator. 36. Code word: an increasingly adequate and typically progressively wonderful method of saying something that may be unseemly or awkward. â€Å"He went to his last reward† is a typical __ for â€Å"he passed on. † They are additionally used to darken the truth. 37. Model: an individual case taken to be illustrative of a general example 38. Composition: The reason for this explanatory mode is to clarify and break down data by introducing a thought, important proof, and suitable conversation. 39. Non-literal Language: Writing or discourse that isn't planned to convey strict importance and is normally intended to be inventive and distinctive. 40. Metaphor: A gadget used to create metaphorical language. Many think about different things. Models are punctuation, overstatement, incongruity, representation, metonomy, paradoxical expression, conundrum, embodiment, metaphor, synecdoche, and modest representation of the truth. 41. Classification: The significant classification into which an abstract work fits. The essential divisions of writing are composition, verse, and show. 42. Lesson: This term actually implies â€Å"sermon,† yet more casually, it can incorporate any genuine talk, discourse, or talk including good or otherworldly exhortation. 43. Metaphor: a saying utilizing conscious misrepresentation or exaggeration 44. Symbolism: The tangible subtleties or non-literal language used to depict, excite feeling, or speak to deliberations. On a physical level, __ utilizes terms identified with the five detects; we allude to visual, sound-related, material, gustatory, or olfactory. For instance, a rose may introduce visual __ while likewise speaking to the shading in a woman’s cheeks. 45. Derive: To reach a sensible determination from the data introduced. 46. Incongruity: The complexity between what is expressed unequivocally and what is truly implied. The contrast between what gives off an impression of being and what really is valid. 47. Analogy: an immediate correlation between divergent things. â€Å"Your eyes are stars† is a model. 48. Metonomy: a term from the Greek significance â€Å"changed label† or â€Å"substitute name† __ is a metaphor where the name of one article is fill in for that of another firmly connected with it. For instance: a news discharge that claims â€Å"The White House declared† instead of â€Å"The President declared† 49. Disposition: This term has two unmistakable specialized implications in English composition. The primary significance is linguistic and manages verbal units and a speaker’s disposition. The subsequent significance is scholarly, which means the common environment or enthusiastic quality of a work. 50. Portrayal: The reason for this kind of explanatory mode is to recount to the story or portray an occasion or arrangement of occasions. 51. Story: The recounting a story or a record of an occasion or arrangement of occasions. 52. Account Device/show: This term depicts the apparatuses of the narrator, for example, requesting occasions to that they work to climatic development or retaining data until an essential or suitable second when uncovering in makes an ideal impact. 53. Likeness in sound: an interesting expression where normal sounds are imitated in the hints of words. Straightforward models incorporate such words as buzz, murmur, murmur. 54. Paradoxical expression: From the Greek for â€Å"pointedly foolish,† ___ is a hyperbole wherein the creator bunches obviously opposing terms. Basic models incorporate â€Å"jumbo shrimp† and â€Å"cruel graciousness. † 55. Catch 22: An explanation that seems, by all accounts, to be self-conflicting or contradicted to presence of mind yet after looking into it further contains some level of truth or legitimacy. 56. Parallelism: alludes to the linguistic or explanatory encircling of words, expressions, sentences, or sections to give basic likeness. 57. Farce: A work that intently emulates the style or substance of another with the particular point of comic impact and additionally mock. 58. Sentiment: an intrigue dependent on feeling. 59. Hypercritical: A descriptive word that portrays words, expressions, or general tone that is excessively insightful, scholarly, or erudite. 60. Embodiment: The allotting of human characteristics to lifeless things or ideas. A model: Wordsworth’s â€Å"the ocean that uncovers her chest to the moon. † 61. Perspective: In writing, the point of view from which a story is told. 62. Exposition: One of the significant divisions of class, ___ alludes to fiction and true to life, including every one of its structures, since they are written in conventional language and most intently look like ordinary discourse. 63. Redundancy: The duplication, either accurate or inexact, or any component of language, for example, sound, word, express, provision, sentence, or linguistic example. 64. Facetious inquiry: An inquiry that is presented by an essayist or speaker to make the crowd think. It doesn't require an answer. Frequently used to connect with a crowd of people. 65. Mockery: from the Greek importance â€Å"to tear flesh,† ___ includes severe, harsh language that is intended to damage or criticism a person or thing. It might utilize incongruity as a gadget. 66. Parody: A work that objectives human indecencies and imprudences or social foundations and show for change or criticism. Whether or not or not the work plans to change people or their general public, ___ is best observed as a style of composing instead of a reason for composing. The impact of __, frequently clever, is interesting and adroit about the huma

WWII Why did the U.S. get involved in the war Essay Example For Students

WWII: Why did the U.S. engage in the war? Exposition Toward the start, the United States communicated the assurance toremain a nonpartisan country. When W.W.II started, sentiments among the Americans weredivided. Some felt that the Nazi Germany was a danger to Europe anddemocracy, however to human progress itself. Other accepted that Europes wars wereno undertakings of the U.S. As the war advanced, the U.S. ended up getting included. Theyfelt compassion toward the British after what occurred at Dunkirk. They startedhelping G.B. with weapons and food. 50 old American maritime destroyers were sentto Britain. Presently it was clear the U.S. were on the Allies side however they stillwerent genuinely engaged with the enormous war. On December 7, 1941, the Japanese propelled an unexpected assault on theAmerican maritime base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Their point was to strike such asevere blow that the U.S. would not match the Japanese in the Pacific(boy werethey wrong for sure). American boats were sunk or severely harmed. American deadtotaled more than 2,300. The United States werent going to take that from theJapanese and on December 8, 1941, congress pronounced war on Japan thus did theBritish Parliament. After three days, Germany and Italy pronounced war on theU.S., and the congress answered with its own affirmation of war. At this time,the United States of America were undeniable contentious in World War II. We will compose a custom exposition on WWII: Why did the U.S. engage in the war? explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now

International intervention and Pathways to Peace in Kashmir Essay

Global mediation and Pathways to Peace in Kashmir - Essay Example In 1947, the British territory of India reached a conclusion with the formation of two new countries. Every one of the 565 Indian regal states needed to choose which of the two new countries to join, India or Pakistan. Jammu and Kashmir, which had a dominatingly Muslim populace and a Hindu ruler, was the biggest of these self-governing states and circumscribed both current nations. Its ruler was the Hari Singh. Hari Singh wanted to stay free and looked to maintain a strategic distance from the pressure put on him by either India and Pakistan by playing each against the other. Yet, under tension he chose to consent to India which made this question. The Indian case fixates on the understanding between the Maharaja Hari Singh, Jawahar Lal Nehru and Lord Mountbatten as per which the past Kingdom of Jammu and Kashmir turned into a basic piece of India through the instrument of promotion. Despite the fact that over 80% of India's populace rehearses Hinduism, the President of India, A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, is a Muslim while the pioneer of the decision Congress Party is a Catholic. Indians likewise keep up that Kashmiris would be in an ideal situation in India since they guarantee that Muslims are in an ideal situation in India than in some other non-Muslim country. India says Kashmir its fundamental part based on following reasons: 2. 1. For an UN Resolution buying in Plebiscite checked by any third nonpartisan gathering, Pakistan should initially abandon its piece of Kashmir. 2. India doesn't acknowledge the Two Nation Theory that frames the premise of Pakistan, rather India says that dominant part is authority and any country in India can get power through law based foundations, thus there is no need of plebscite. 3. The territory of Jammu and Kashmir is made self-sufficient by the article 370 of the Constitution of India. 4. India asserts that a large portion of the fear based oppressors working in Kashmir are themselves Pakistanis from Pakistan directed Kashmir and that Pakistan has been associated with State supported psychological oppression. First Pakistan should control that cross outskirt fear mongering then India would go towards any satisfactory arrangement of the debate. 5. India respect Pakistan's case to Kashmir dependent on religion alone to be not, at this point right since now India has a larger number of muslims than Pakistan. Pakistani view Verifiably, the Pakistani case on Kashmir has been founded on the way that most of Kashmir populace is Muslim and, whenever given the choice, most Kashmiris would cast a ballot to join Pakistan or look for autonomy. Since 1951, Pakistan has been requesting India to hold a plebiscite in Kashmir as concurred by the two countries in 1951 at UNO discussion. Pakistan guarantees that Kashmiris took a rough way to freedom just when they got miserable and frustrated about their future in the late 1980s. Pakistan guarantees that India is presently utilizing unnecessary state powers to stifle the opportunity battle of Kashmiris and in doing as such, is causing serious human rights infringement in the contested domain of Indian involved Kashmir (Peter 2006). This is additionally archived by a few human rights gatherings. Pakistan further cases that: 1. As per the two-country hypothesis by which Pakistan was shaped, initially Kashmir ought to have been with Pakistan, since it has a flat out Muslim dominant part. Pakistan accepts that given a decision, practically all Kashmiris will cast a ballot. 2. India has demonstrated dismissal to the goals of the UN, by not holding a

Art and culture of Orissa Essay

Orissa brags of a rich and energetic social legacy normally brought about by a long history of various leaders of differed social and masterful tendencies. Further conjunction of racial streams has likewise advanced the craftsmanship, specialty and culture of Orissa plainly. Orissa is especially acclaimed for its metal work, silver work, earthenware workmanship objects and appliquã © work, other than its interesting handloom. The way of life of Orissa, India, makes for an intriguing examination. Arranged along the Bay of Bengal coast, Orissa is an Indian express that epitomizes the one of a kind and estimable mix of antiquated greatness and present day activity. Orissa is where nature spreads out her one of the most beauteous angles. Pure sea shores, waterways, lovely cascades and magnificent slopes all contribute in highlighting the intrigue of the state as a mainstream vacationer goal. The way of life of Orissa additionally produces significant enthusiasm among both the household and the outside voyagers. Orissa is generally country and the conventional qualities that are as yet held structure a basic part of the Orissa culture. Orissa’s vital geological area has induced the digestion of the way of life of the Aryans and the Dravidians. The way of life of Orissa can possibly be depicted as an Indo-social union. Orissa workmanship and specialty establishes a significant part of the way of life of Orissa. The craft of Orissa experienced heap changes and is a result of various digestions and imbibitions. Orissa is known for its sand expressions, Patta Chitra, Palm Leaf Paintings, Jhoti, Chita and Muruja. The Orissan specialists are superb in their expertise. Orissa brags of a brilliant convention of move and music. The dolls of artists and performers gracing the dividers of the interesting sanctuaries in Orissa say a lot about the rich melodic legacy of the state. Odissi music is the old style craftsmanship that has assimilated the components normal to the Hindustani and Karnatik music. The Odissi move, Chhau Dance, Mahari move, the jatra, pala and Daskarhia involve an inseparable piece of the way of life of Orissa. Theâ sacred environs of Lord Jagannath sanctuary, the suggestion of Konark’s Sun sanctuary, the wondrous buckles of Jainism, the supernatural religious communities of Buddhism, the artistic creations of old stories and the weaver’s enchantment; all remain as submissive confirmations of a persuasive past and proceeding with brilliant present of Orissa. FAIRS AND FESTIVALS Other than praising the significant celebrations like Dusshera, Durga Puja, Diwali and Holi, Orissa likewise has its a lot of various celebrations celebrated with skip and vivacity. The most noticeable Puri celebration contains Rath Yatra, Chandan Yatra and Devasnana purnima. While the Puri Beach celebration is a pleasant sweethearts fest, the Konark Dance celebration denotes a befitting tribute to the sublime Sun sanctuary at Konark.

Dialect Journal for the Book The Other Wes Moore

Dialect Journal for the Book The Other Wes Moore Dialect Journal for the book The Other Wes Moore Range of page numbers to draw the quotes from: 25-62, 68-107, 108-147, 148-183 Passage Quoted Using MLA Format, With a Signal Phrase and a Page Number Analysis of the Cause and the Connections to the Course Quote 1 â€Å"Wes looked at his mother, hoping she would explain who this man was. He moved closer to his mothers hip. Not only did he feel safer there than in the middle of the room but also because the smell coming off the man was beginning to bother him†(Moore 25) The cause this passage addresses is the importance of family roles to the growth of an individual. Wes Moore feels safer in the hands of his mother. This means that family members are a source of protection and guidance. I agree with this quote since every kid tends to run to their parents for protection if feeling threatened. Quote 2 â€Å"His brother six years older, was the closest thing Wes had to care taker during the daylight hours and was fiercely protective of the little brother who idolized him†(Moore 26) The cause that this quote addresses is family roles and influences. It is clear from this quote that Wes Moore has a brother who believes in him. A brother who cares for him. This is an example of a role of the family in someones life. It is very insightful to see how the two brothers cared about each other. Quote 3 â€Å"The constantly broken down elevators forced residents to climb claustrophobic, urine-scented stairways. And the drug game was everywhere, with a gun handle protruding from the top of every tenth teenagers waistline†(Moore 27) The cause that this quote addresses is societal influences such as peers and neighbors. This quote brings out a society that has been engulfed by moral decadence and crime. This accounts for the reason as to why the other Wes Moore ended up going to prison. The society around him lured him into becoming a criminal. Quote 4 â€Å"The extreme heat in my poorly ventilated room woke me in the middle of the night† (Moore 35). The cause that this quote addresses is poverty and the sociology of ghettos. It is clear from this quote that the life that the character is leading is a life of poverty and suffering. Living in a house that does not have proper ventilation is not a kind of life that a person would love to lead. Quote 5 â€Å" The Map was leading me in directions I hadnt seen in my brief time at school, through bushes and brush that quickly turned to trees and forests†(Moore 92). The cause that this quote addresses is education/educational setting. It is clear from this quote that Wes Moore was very vigilant when it comes to school work. The story that he is communicating is that he valued the school environment. Quote 6 â€Å"Colonel Bat handed me the phone, and I dialled the only number I knew by heart. As the phone rang, I began to think about what I would say in five minutes to convince my mother to let me back home† (Moore 94). The cause that this quote addresses is family roles. It is insightful to see that the only number that Wes Moore knew by heart was the number of his mother. This is a clear indication of the strong connection that existed between Wes Moore and his mother, and also the importance of a role that his mother played in shaping his life. Quote 7 â€Å"Wes and Alicia quickly became more than friends, After school they would head to each other’s houses, since neither had parents at home during the day. Within two months, Alicia told Wes that her period was latethey were going to be parents† (Moore 99). The cause that this quote addresses is the importance of family roles. Wes Moore lacked parental guidance and supervision which was causing him to do whatever pleased him most. Eventually, they ended up messing their lives in that they ended up becoming parents at a very tender age. Quote 8 â€Å"The idea of becoming a father depressed Wes, but he wasnt sure why† (Moore 100). The cause that this quote addresses is the opportunities. This is because Wes had the choice of valuing his career more than being moral. Instead, he concentrates on Alicia what eventually leads him to messing up his future. I agree with this quote in that many times people get the chances and opportunities but they fail to use them. Quote 9 â€Å"The wooden bleachers that circled the floor were full of family, friends, and supporters of the crop of graduates, who had yet to enter the room† (Moore 108). The cause that this quote addresses is the importance of education/proper educational setting. This quote clearly shows that Wes Moore really valued school work. He was very inspired with the idea of graduating. This is very insightful in that it shows a man who is determined to have a bright future. Quote 10 â€Å"Smiles, waves, cheers, and whistles rang out. Camera flashes blinked over the parade, parents and friends shooting as wildly as paparazzi. Because his last name put him toward the front of the class† (Moore 109). The cause that this quote addresses is the importance of education/proper educational setting. Wes Moore is very glad to have made his friends and parents proud by being the best student in his class. The way he frames his sentences makes it very inspirational, especially the cheers from the people who came to see him graduate. Quote 11 â€Å"Wes went back to school immediately after leaving the juvenile detention facilitybut he knew that he would not last long (Moore 110). The cause that this quote addresses is societal influences. It is crystal-clear from this quote that the other Moore does not value education. He values being with his peers. This is the reason as to why he was pretty sure that he would not be in school for long before dropping out. Quote 12 â€Å"Wes found another option: he decided to make himself scarce. In the mornings while Nicey was at work, Wes Would play video games in the house and then head out to check on his drug operation. The cause that this quote addresses is societal influences. The other Moore is dissolved in drugs that he looks for every possible opportunity to run away from home. Knowing that the other Moore is a young man who has not yet achieved anything in life is very saddening. Quote 13 â€Å"When they got to the house. Wes went upstairs to the room that housed the bunk bed that he and Tony shared† (Moore 153). This quote addresses the cause of poverty and the sociology of ghettos. This is because the bunk bed reference means that there was limited space in the house that both Wes and his brother shared. This is a characteristic of ghetto houses where people cannot afford to pay for sufficient-quality housing. Quote 14 â€Å"Wes now sat waiting to find out how the jury of his peers had ruled† (Moore 155). The cause that this quote addresses is societal influences. In this quote peer pressure is the societal influence that is addressed. It is clear from this quote that Wes participated in a crime as a result of peer pressure that came from his friends. Quote 15 â€Å" A large guard made his way over to Wes, who slowly put his hands behind his backnever once looking behind him to see the family of the police officer or even his own family†(Moore 157). The cause that this quote addresses is family roles. Even at Wes darkest hour, his family was there to support him. This means that family is the one thing you can rely on, no matter what. Quote 16 â€Å"weeks after I completed the internship with him, I would be heading to South Africa for a Semester abroad† (Moore 162). The cause

Federalists and Anti-Federalists Arguments - Free Essay Example

Americas first Articles of Constitution was first signed in 1781. Before each state ran like independent countries. This lead to several lengthy debates and to the drafting of the Constitution; conflict and compromise were present during this event. But it was certain that there had to be a change. The delegates tried their best to solve their differences and to come up with what they thought would be the best for the country. However, under the Articles, when the Founding Fathers signed the Constitution in 1787, it needed the ratification from nine states before it could go into effect. This was not easy. And the push for ratification brought on a seemingly endless barrage of documents, articles, and pamphlets both supporting and opposing it. This lead to a division two groups that had their differences on which political party would be the best to govern the country. One of the organizations only wanted one central poewerful government and executive branch, they claimed under the name as the Federals. The other organization considered on something equal, and believed that to have a well functional government, every state should have their own power, instead of just a central one, and these were the Anti-federalist. After so ma ny debates, they had to come up with a resolution. Enable to resolve their conflicts, they ended up adopting a Bill of Rights. First I will discuss the point of views of the Federalist and their argument and that they thought was better for the country at the time. Next, I will discuss the Anti-federalists point p views and their arguments. Thirdly, I will compare and contrast their views, opinions and arguments, and what they did enable to resolve their differences. Lastly I will conclude this essay. The Federalists arguments and views for the country were a bit selfish, but organized. They only believed that enable for the constitution to work was for it to only be one central government. The leaders wanted a strong government, a good financial credibility, and to promote economic growth. Some of its leaders were James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Adams. There were more organized in their effort, and came up with three independent braches to protect the rights of the people because all three branches would be equal. Their view on a Bill of Rights was that I would be a dangerous move, because if the national government were to protect listed rights, what would stop the people from violating rights that were not listed, since they cannot list all of the right, they argued that no list of rights was better. The Federalists developed a new political philosophy, where they saw their most import role as defending the social gains of the Revolution. James Madison, one of the g reat Federalist leaders explained, that the Constitution was designed to be a republican remedy for the diseases most incident to republican government. In other words that one central power would be the best. Now the opposing side; the Anti-federalist. They were more on the equal side, unlike the federalist, they wanted each state to have their own power, and they believed that a Bill of Rights was indeed needed. Some of its leaders were Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, and George Mason. They opposed the vision of the Federalists proposed Constitution, they believed that it would lead the United States to the road of political corruption. The three branches of the new central government threatened the Antifederalists traditional belief in the importance of restraining government power. The federalist wanted to create the Bill of Rights, which will contain the first 10 amendments to protect the rights of the people. Both political groups wanted the best for the Constitution and wanted to make the country economical better and for it to function at its best. But their differences are many, the Federalist wanted one central government, while the Anti-federalist wanted for each state to have a local power, instead of just one for all the states. The Anti-federalist were supported by people whom lived in rural areas, and focused in smaller rural communities dominated by farmers, while the Federalist were supported by people who lived in lager urban areas and focused in big business interests. The Federalist did not like the idea to have a list of rights, and the Anti-federalist did want to have a list of the protected rights of the people. To resolve the conflict between them, the Federalist did actually ended up participating in the drafting of the Bill of Rights, which was used for the first 10 amendments of the Constitution, they protect the individual rights and freedoms (again except of for the slaves). Ultimately, Anti-federalists influenced the document, to push for stricter checks and balances and certain limited political enable to keep the government to go down the road of corruption. In conclusion, even though the Federalist opposed at first the creation of the Bill of Rights they even up actually being part of, enable to full-fill the Anti-federalist request. The Anti-federalist may have not completely won the debate, but they did get one of their request happen. The views and arguments of both political groups were learned, compared and contrasted; one wanted one central power while the other wanted power for all, and in the end one resolution was stated and only one group won the govern of the countries, which were the Federalist, but as long as the Bill of Rights was kept.

Review of literature on economic innovation and Dell Case Study - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2716 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Introduction: Innovation is the process that renews or improves something that exists. It comes from the Latin innovationem, noun of action from innovare which relates to renewal or improvement. It is an important topic in various fields of study such as entrepreneurship, economics, business, design, technology, sociology and engineering. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Review of literature on economic innovation and Dell Case Study" essay for you Create order Generally, economists focus on the process itself which starts from the origination of an idea and then to its transformation into something and finally its implementation. Innovation is considered as the major driver of the economy. There are various factors that lead to innovation and those factors are considered to be critical to policy makers. In the organizational context, Innovation has a positive impact in terms of efficiency, productivity, quality, competitive positioning, market share, etc. These impacts thus lead to development of the organization. All organizations such as hospitals, universities, local governments can innovate. The study of Innovation extends in a variety of contexts which relates to technology, economic development, commerce, social systems, and policy construction. There has to be an occurrence of something more than the generation of a creative idea or insight for an innovation to happen. The innovation must make a genuine difference which should resul t in better or altered business processes within the organization and it should also make some positive changes in the products and services which are provided. Innovation is a management process that requires specific tools, rules, and discipline. For this emphasis is transferred from the introduction of specific useful ideas to the general organizational processes and procedures for generating and acting on such insights which leads to significant organizational improvements. Creativity is seen as the basis for innovation and Innovation is required for the successful implementation of creative ideas within an organization. Review of Literature: Innovation literature is rich in typologies and descriptions of innovation dynamics and is mostly focused on technology. There are various sources of innovation and many models have been made to demonstrate them. In the linear model of innovation, the source recognized is manufacturer innovation where an agent (person or business) innovates in order to sell the innovation (Freeman Chris, 1984). Similarly, another source of innovation is end-user innovation where an agent (person or company) develops an innovation for their own use as the existing products do not meet their needs. Innovation does not happen within the industrial supply-side, or as a result of the articulation of user demand (Hesselbein, Frances, Goldsmith and Sommerville, 2002). It happens through a complex set of processes that links many different players together which not only includes developers and users, but a wide variety of intermediary organisations such as consultancies, standards bodies and many more. T he social networks suggests that much of the innovation occurs at the boundaries of organisations and industries where the problems and needs of users and the potential of technologies can be linked together that usually challenges both (Hitcher Waldo, 2006). A real world experimentation approach increases the chances of market success when an innovative idea requires a new business model or redesigns the delivery of value to focus on the customer Innovations may be spread from the innovator to other individuals and groups when it occurs (Chakravorti Bhaskar, 2003). Failure is an obvious and inevitable part of innovation process. Most successful organizations factor in an appropriate level of risk because all organizations experience failure that many choose not to check regularly. Innovations that fail are potentially good ideas but are mostly rejected or postponed due to budgetary constraints, lack of skills or poor standards with current goals. The causes of failure of innovati on are widely researched and they can vary considerably. The main motive of an innovation is to achieve the effective goal of the organization. The organizations should state explicitly what their goals which should be understandable to everyone involved in the innovation process (Chesbrough William, 2003). The process of innovation mostly involves participation in teams which mostly refers to the behavior of individuals in and of teams. Each individual should have an allocated responsibility regarding their role in goals and actions and the payment and rewards systems that link them to goal attainment (Chakravorti Bhaskar, 2003). Finally the effective monitoring of results requires the monitoring of all goals, actions and teams involved in the innovation process. Innovation mostly implies change and it can be counter to an organizations orthodoxy. Innovation can also be measured. There are two fundamentally different types of measures for innovation that are the organizational le vel and the political level. At the organizational level, the measure of innovation relates to individuals, team-level assessments, and private companies from the smallest to the largest but at the political level, measures of innovation are more focused on a country or region (Fagerberg Jan 2004). For innovation, public awareness is an important part of the innovation process. Innovation is no longer considered just desirable for organizations it is crucial to their survival. In an era of continual and rapid change, what is needed is a culture of innovation and continuous improvement (Cabral Regis, 2003). Innovation is not limited to new products and services. It involves business processes, workplace culture, customer relationships and the opening of new markets. Innovation is important not only in products but in all activities of the organization. Ideas can come from many sources (Freeman Chris, 1984). Ideas can come from consumers who ask directly for a new product or featur e (more common in business to business) or be sparked by new product activities in other categories. People within the company also often have good suggestions. To attempt to maximize the number and quality of ideas an to get the new product development team to think laterally, companies may use different creative techniques to generate ideas. At the early stage of generating ideas even the craziest ideas should be viewed with an open mind. Case study: Dell Inc. is an American multinational information technology corporation which is based in Round Rock, Texas, United States. The corporation being the largest technological corporations in the world develops, sells and supports computers and related products and services which employs more than 96000 people. The company bears the name of its founder, Michael Dell. The company sells personal computers, servers, data storage devices, network switches, software, and computer peripherals. The company is also popular for its HDTVs, cameras, printers, MP3 players and other electronics built by other manufacturers. The company is well known for its innovations in supply chain management and electronic commerce. Dells tagline is Yours is Here which is seen at their Mall of Asia branch Pasay City, Philippines. Their Business/Corporate class represent brand where the company advertises emphasizes long life-cycles, reliability, and serviceability. Such brands include Optiplex, Vostro, N Seri es, Latitude, Precision, Power Edge; Power vault etc. Their Home Office/Consumer class emphasizes value, performance, and expandability. These brands include Inspiron, Studio, XPS, Studio XPS, Alienware Adamo. Their Peripherals class is popular in market which includes USB keydrives, LCD televisions, and printers. Dell monitors includes LCD TVs, plasma TVs and projectors for HDTV and monitors. Their service and support brands include the Dell Solution Station , Dell Support Center, Dell Business Support, Dell Everdream Desktop Management and Your Tech Team . The general policy of the company to manufacture its products close to its customers so as to minimize the delay between purchase and delivery has been really beneficial for the company in terms of goodwill. This is done by implementing a just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing approach, which minimizes inventory costs. Another signature of the Dell business model which is a critical consideration in an industry where components deprec iate very rapidly is Low inventory. The manufacturing process of the company covers assembly, software installation, functional testing, quality control and many more. Dell has proved be a great manufacturing company. It manufactures desktop machines in-house and then contracted out manufacturing of base notebooks for configuration in-house. Various innovation processes takes place in the company which proves to be efficient for the company. Dell Inc. brands its service agreements at five levels for their business customers. The first one being the Basic support which provides business-hours telephone support and next business-day on-site support/ Return-to-Base or Collect and Return Services which are based on contracts purchased at point of sale. Then is the Silver support which provides 24ÃÆ'Æ’-7 telephone support and 4-hour on-site support after telephone-based troubleshooting. The next being the Gold support which provides additional benefits over and above Silver support. The Platinum Plus support provides additional benefits to Gold Support. And the last but not the least is the two-hour on-site support. Another important is the Dells Consumer division which offers 247 phones based and online troubleshooting rather than only during business hours in certain markets. Dell has put together packages of options for each category of its customers be it small and medium-sized businesses, large businesses, government, education, and health-care- and life-sciences. There are various marketing strategies of the company which helps it to achieve its desired goals. Its marketing strategies include lowering prices at all times of the year and offering free bonus products. Another important strategy is offering free shipping in order to encourage more sales and to stave off competitors. The company has planned to expand its program to value-added resellers (VARs), giving it the official name of Dell Partner Direct and a new Website. This innovative idea would he lp the company to go a long way. Dell used to sell its products through Best Buy, Costco and Sams Club stores in the United States but then it stopped this practice because it cited low profit-margins on the business. The major competitors of the company are Apple, Hewlett-Packard (HP), Acer, Toshiba, Gateway, Sony, Asus, Lenovo, IBM, Samsung, and Sun Microsystems. Dell is a company that has pioneered the art of offering exactly the kind of machine needed and demanded. As a company that revolutionized the PC industry, Dell helps drive industry innovation through a time-tested process that puts the customer first. It is aimed at producing easy-to-use products, services and solutions that address needs. Innovation is central to Dells recently-announced Simplify IT strategy. Committed to reducing complexity and costs for its customers, Dell looks to turn their IT investment into a significant business driver. In a typical IT spends, about 70 per cent goes into maintenance, and only 30 per cent is for innovation. Dell is committed to reversing this ratio not just driving innovation within Dells own products and services, but also facilitating innovation for customers with Dell solutions. Some of the other innovations include The H2C thermal transfer unit, the solid-state disk drive, The Blu ray optical disk drive, Display port cables and connectors. Dell based his strategy on obtaining high growth with integrity and achieving market share the old-fashioned way: one customer at a time. By selling customized products directly to end customers, Dell has empowered businesses and consumers to choose the best solutions for their computing needs. Now, direct from Dell comes Dell Insight, the new industry quarterly that addresses real-world business issues and provides real world solutions. Dells research and development (RD) efforts now span the globe, driven by some of the industrys foremost product designers and engineers. At the core of Dells innovation approach, howe ver, remains an unwavering commitment to deliver new and better solutions that directly address customer needs. Many innovations begin in-house, led by a global team of top engineers, product designers and technical experts. Others begin as a team effort with Dells strategic partners. The mission is to deliver innovative and cost-effective solutions that meet todays real-life customer challenges and work seamlessly in existing environments and with other products. Innovation is not only found in the products and services we deliver, its what Dell brings out in our customers. Dell is a disciplined, process-oriented company that packages technology like no one else. Dell provided guidance and best practices to consolidate the fast-growing IT infrastructure. IT staff has more time to further business objectives. Planned use of virtualization tools within the business continuity strategy reduces disaster recovery time from days to hours.Dell showed the industry a new way to do business in personal computers. It was revolutionary at the time and created a very large, very profitable franchise in computing. The market has also been changing while Dell has been catching up. The market has been moving increasingly toward mobile computing as the new locus of innovation and activity. Apple is the only computer company that saw this locus coming and it exploited it fully by introducing the iPhone. But Dell is not found exploiting this new innovation although they have made some noises about having their own branded device. It doesnt appear that they are investing heavily in it which should be done in oder to gain more for their status in the market. It is not that there is no innovation at Dell its just that there is not nearly enough. The company has generated practical online communities which has leveraged social networks like Twitter.A one-trick pony is plenty when the trick is good enough. The trick is no longer unique in the business world. There is just no point i n rehashing the misfortunes of Dell customer service and the legendary Dell Hell that was created for customers and users. Dell has made two fairly large acquisitions which has proved to be kind of loss for the company. First is the purchase of Perot which recognizes one clear fact in the enterprise market that is the professional services are required. IBM led the way here with IBM Global Services many years ago and even exited the PC business. Dell professional services were so bad once that the customers didnt even use them when they were included at no additional charges. Perot addresses this weakness but merely follows market reality and is a somewhat lesser solution than what is already offered by the competition. Secondly, Dell also acquired EqualLogic. It doesnt bring unique capabilities or a change in positioning for Dell although a very strong player in storage area networking. Most of the systems vendors like HP, IBM, and Microsystems have storage solutions. It has built a fairly good all-in-one computer to try and match the iMac. It has also designed a cool laptop called the Adamo. But these are all changes at the margin rather than being at the level of corporate identity and positioning. Dell has to do something deep, daring, daunting and potentially delightful in order to retain its position in the market. Dell being a hardware manufacturer is narrower than H-P, IBM and Sony and Hitachi. H-P and IBM have software expertise and knows to build its own OS and software application suites for business use. Sony makes consumer electronics and owns entertainment media. Hitachi makes consumer electronics and appliances. Dell has tightly concentrated itself on making PC before branching out into services but purchasing other firms. Conclusion: The company must rely heavily on others for software before it can develop software prowess to add value to its hardware. Dell was never a technology innovator. Dell was just a PC maker that hit on a business model that worked for a time. It never adapted, never looked forward and became complacent. Dell has tightly focused itself on making PC before branching out into services but purchasing other firms. Dell had a brilliant business model to build computers at the time of order to avoid stockpiling inventory. The company worked well until other manufacturing companies discovered cheaper and more innovative methods to cut costs. There is little to differentiate these companies besides price, quality, style, service and technology. Dell unfortunately lags behind all in all of these areas. Dells new innovation strategy is not just standards but to attract business customers. The company is unveiling a new Latitude business notebook computer but its a bit different from what Dell use d to represent. Dell made a name for itself by focusing on standardized technology and the business model that allowed customers to pick and choose the extras for their own computer. Innovation was not an important word seen in Dell. Companies like HP and Sony were selling innovation back then when Dell was selling affordable PCs to the masses. Dell spurs innovation in this way which surely needs changes so as to deliver the best to their customers.

Why Is Energy Consumption So An Issue - 941 Words

Over many experiments of trial and error, in relation with the world’s energy consumption, people are trying to revolutionize how energy is used. The question is always raised, â€Å"Why is energy consumption even an issue?† The answer to that broad question would be climate change. Studies have been showing substantial evidence that climate change exists and that it will make a significant impact on Earth within the next few decades. Puneet Kollipara wrote the following: Nearly all U.S. senators agreed today on a measure affirming that climate change is real and not a hoax—including, to the surprise of many observers, Senator James Inhofe (R–OK), the man who once declared global warming a hoax. Meanwhile, although two other measures stating that humans are contributing to climate change won a majority of votes from the 99 senators present, they failed to garner the 60 votes needed to be adopted by the Senate. (Kollipara) To begin, this affirms that climate change has become a serious global issue. Since there is recognition that climate change is impacting the atmosphere, how would anyone be able to combat this issue at hand? This is where countries such as Japan and Germany occupy a significant role in finding a solution to alternative energy. Both countries have decided to reduce the amount of emission their state produces in greenhouse gases and non-environmentally friendly materials. The first key element within this study would be the independent variable, or the processShow MoreRelatedHow Organizations Can Become More Sustainable1064 Words   |  5 Pagesdemonstrates how consumption of resources can be reduced to 1/5th through a more realistic approach. For example, In Bakeries; there is high usage of energy and water and poor insulation has led to higher energy consumption and difficult working conditions. Bakers Delight (a chain of bakeries in Australia and elsewhere), reduced their energy consumption by 40%, greenhouse gases by 48%, all the while using efficient lighting, glass insulation. They have reduced the basic energy consumption by 70%-80%.Read MoreThe Problem Of Energy Drinks Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pagesbut sleep is hardly an option because we have a 6-page paper due. So what are our options? We can sit in front of the computer and inevitably fall into slumber with an incomplete paper, or we can crack open a can of good old Red Bull and power th rough the night to finish that English paper. Many college students would choose the latter and unfortunately inject some nasty chemicals into their bloodstreams to keep them awake. Energy drinks have many untested contents within the drink that aren’t testedRead MoreA Brief Note On Hydro Quebec And The Largest Electricity Company1630 Words   |  7 PagesHydropower is one of sustainable energy resources and it plays a very important role to protect our environment.The company was founded in April 14, 1994. After more than seventy years’ development, about 99 percent of electricity that Hydro-Quebec generated is by Hydropower. Hydro-Quebec’s research institute (IREQ) which is in charge of technological innovation advantages Hydro-Quebec compare with other electricity company. Why Energy consumption is Important? Energy consumption is bound tightly with ourRead MoreEcological Analysis Of Corn Stover Biofuels1603 Words   |  7 PagesState University 2016 Ecological Analysis of Corn Stover Biofuels 1.background To date, when issues related with environment, GHG(Green House Gas), sustainability are gradually concerned, increasing people are pursuing new ways to lower down the negative effect exerted by modern industry. This also attract government’s attention upon encouraging utilization and production of alternative energy and offering financial aid for some newly high-tech companies. One solution to deal with this globalRead MoreEcological Analysis Of Corn Stover Biofuels1456 Words   |  6 Pages Ecological Analysis of Corn Stover Biofuels 1.background 　　　 To date, when issues related to environment, GHG(Green House Gas), sustainability are gradually concerned, increasing people is pursuing new ways to lower down the negative effect exerted by modern industry. This also attracts government’s attention upon encouraging utilization and production of alternative energy and offering financial aid for some newly high-tech companies. One solution to deal with this global concern is finding orRead MoreEssay about Econ 545 Week 2 Assignment1305 Words   |  6 Pagesparties address Healthcare and both address Energy policy, for example. (Democrats under â€Å"Issues†, Republicans under â€Å"Our Party†.) Compare and contrast their views on two such issues. Generally speaking, how much of the disagreement is based on normative economics compared to positive economics? Give an example of loaded terminology from each site. Answer: The republican energy policy focuses on less regulation and puts the responsibility of energy independence on American business. The beliefRead MoreAlthough the concentration of activity and people within cities is frequently perceived to be the1400 Words   |  6 PagesSteemers believes that more intense land use and sharing of infrastructure such as energy, water, drainage, roads, buildings and public transport can greatly reduce the energy per capita in urban areas. He also explains that urban environments can receive huge benefits from the use of combined heat and power (CHP). CHP has the potential to deliver 55% thermal energy and 30% electrical energy by themselves. The two energies combined can typically deliver 85% or more overall. By combining the two it reducesRead MoreThe Long Term Effects Of Increasing Demand For Renewable Energy1690 Words   |  7 Pages Renewable Energy Wind, Water, Sun: Energy for the long run Prepared by Mashfik Shamir Midterm Proposal BUS 160W – An Introduction to Business Writing Queens College August 1, 2013 Professor Denise L. Miller Mashfik Shamir 8531 129 Street Richmond Hill, NY 11418 August 1, 2013 Prof. Denise Miller CUNY Queens College 65-30 Kissena Blvd. Flushing, NY 11367 Dear Prof. Miller: I am submitting this proposal to provide some information on the long term effects of increasing demand forRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On Global Climate Change1302 Words   |  6 Pageswithout an harm, so it was not taken as a problem. Climate change is a prominent issue that has been debated on for quite a few decades. According to wikipedia, â€Å"climate change is a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.† In this essay, I am going to map out how copious amounts of energy consumption leads to climateRead MoreDynamics Of Energy Drinks For Teens1543 Words   |  7 PagesDynamics of Energy Drinks for Teens Caffeine is a substance that almost everyone is familiar with, but not everyone knows what the real risks can be if not taken in moderation. Energy drinks are one of the many drinks that often contain caffeine. The caffeine in these drinks helps people gain more energy throughout the day and keeps them alert. Energy drinks have become very popular among teens over the past couple of years because of the targeted marketing companies have made towards younger people

The Criminal Justice System Essays - 2382 Words

The criminal justice system views any crime as a crime committed against the state and places much emphasis on retribution and paying back to the community, through time, fines or community work. Historically punishment has been a very public affair, which was once a key aspect of the punishment process, through the use of the stocks, dunking chair, pillory, and hangman’s noose, although in today’s society punishment has become a lot more private (Newburn, 2007). However it has been argued that although the debt against the state has been paid, the victim of the crime has been left with no legal input to seek adequate retribution from the offender, leaving the victim perhaps feeling unsatisfied with the criminal justice process.†¦show more content†¦Braithwaite was working with offenders and victims and focusing on ways to reintegrate them back into society through restorative means instead of going through the criminal justice system and the stigmas attached to being labeled a criminal. Before Braithwaite began to develop this idea the punitive justice and penitentiary system had been formerly established since the eighteenth century, when before that informal control measures such as the church, saw communities police themselves (Sharpe, 2002). However with the creation of Thames Valley police force in seventeen ninety-eight, Britain’s first official police force, crime and punishment now become a matter of the state rather than just a community concern. This saw a change in how crime was perceived and criminals dealt with as there were now trained professionals deciding on how best to punish the offender as well as punishments becoming less corporate and more restrictive. Newburn (2007) state that there are four forms of restorative justice practices victim-offender mediation, family group conferencing as well as healing and sentencing circles and citizen panels. In nineteen-seventy the first official victim- offender mediation programme was established in Canada through a Christian sect with the purpose of aiding the healing of the victims through bringing them together with the offenders and hopefully resolving an appropriate solution. The offender acknowledgingShow MoreRelatedJustice Systems And The Criminal Justice System Essay1248 Words   |  5 PagesThe criminal justice system is a complex and often uncoordinated system that operates by enforcing the law and seeking justice across countless jurisdictions. It is comprised of many separate agencies including agencies at the federal, state, and local level. Each agency has its own function and goals while operating at different levels of government. The agencies also represent different concerns and values of the public, creating a fragmented system rather than a monolithic, unified system. A monolithicRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1308 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Criminal Justice System The criminal justice system refers to the way in which a society chooses to handle all aspects of crime and punishment. In the Western world, particularly the United States, the criminal justice system is an official governmental system that focuses on crime and punishment, though some societies still incorporate a significant amount of informal social controls into their criminal justice systems. The criminal justice system covers everything from crime-prevention andRead MoreCriminal Justice System1524 Words   |  7 Pagesfor the Criminal Justice System is to reduce the crime and the fire of crime. In order to achieve this it is using different agencies and the major of them are the Police, Prosecution, Courts, Prisons and Probation. They all are operating in synchrony for achieving their legal responsibilities and particularly for reducing the level of crime. The aim of this essay specifically is to discuss the functions of the police and how they actually fit with the objective s of the Criminal Justice System as aRead MoreThe On The Criminal Justice System984 Words   |  4 PagesGarland (2001), view on â€Å"the criminal justice system in America was created to keep communities safe, to respect and restore victims, and to return offenders who leave prison to be self-sufficient and law-abiding. Treatment simply did not work either by therapy or broader social programs and became is a monumental failure that our states and nation can no longer afford† (p.61) Garland (2001) stated â€Å"that the collapse of faith in our correction system began a wave of demoralization that underminedRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1667 Words   |  7 PagesThe criminal justice system has for long been faced by a lot of caseloads, an issue which has been heaping a lot of pressure on the stakeholders.  Ã‚  The cause of increased workload is lack of adequate resources to deal with the caseload. Some people have argued that the only way to deal with the overloads is to provide more money to the criminal justice systems so that everyone involved will be able to do the required tasks and in so doing reduce the number of cases while scholars think that the onlyRead MoreCriminal Justice System1308 Words   |  6 PagesNorways criminal justice system is doing something right. The few citizens that go to prison usually only go once. How does Norway achieve this? The country relies on a method called restorative justice, which aims to repair the harm caused by crime rather than punish people. This system is purely focused on rehabilitating prisoners. The United States, on the other hand, places focus on incarceration and incapacitation. This is where the methodologies clash: should the criminal justice system be responsibleRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1597 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of the criminal justice system is explained by three definitions: Control crime, Prevent crime, and provide and maintain justice. This sense of criminal justice has been the same since pre-civilized communities, where the elders of a tribe enforced the laws of the village. The criminal justice system has changed drastically from the times of kinship systems to today’s system of laws. As time has passed criminal justice has change in many ways, for example: the way they dress, arrest,Read MoreThe Criminal Justice System1305 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout this course, I have learned about the many segments of the criminal justice syste m. The criminal justice system is made up of three main elements which process a case from initiation, through trial, to punishment. First a case starts with law enforcement officials, who investigate crime and gather evidence to identify and use against the assumed suspect. The case then proceeds to the court system, which evaluates the evidence to decide if the defendant is guilty or innocent. If the defendantRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System Essay1502 Words   |  7 Pagesselected is criminal justice. The criminal Justice system is a compilation of federal, state or local agencies that concern issues dealing with crime. This public policy is provided by the judicial, executive and legislative branches of government. The task of the criminal justice system is to figure out the truth, defend the innocent and even to make the guilty parties punishment not as harsh as it is originally said to be (cliffnots). And most of to provide justice. In criminal justice the federalRead MoreJustice And The Criminal Justice System Essay1918 Words   |  8 PagesWhen it comes to the criminal justice system, there is often a gray area between what is considered fair and what is just, with these concepts many times having a connection. Furthermore, justice and fairness are subjective and many times individuals’ concept of what is fair or just differ. Throughout a recent court case involving a Stanford University swimmer being charged with rape, that issue became well evident. This case involved a Stanford student, Brock Turner, being charged with sexually

Relationship Between Personality And Recidivism - 1371 Words

An unavoidable facet of any population is that of a criminal element. Where there is law there will be criminals who break the law. These people are incarcerated for the safety of the public, the administration of justice and as punishment. After an inmate has served the requisite sentence for the crime which they committed their debt to society is considered paid. In some cases an offender is paroled early into a largely unaware community to serve the remainder of their sentence quietly monitored among the populace. One of the largest concerns regarding the release of a criminal is whether they will offend again, an occurrence called recidivism. Court systems and parole boards routinely use risk assessment tools to screen a criminal’s†¦show more content†¦Based on the available information they must then make a recommendation for release or retention. That decision is monumental and can have massive consequences in both the life of an offender and society. If a murd er is released and goes on to commit another murder the loss of life is in effect a failure of the system. If a different murder is released and makes a beneficial contribution to society then the system is considered justified. A Bureau of Justice Statistics 2005 study monitored 404,638 prisoners in 30 states after their release from prison. It was found that of the released inmates, 56.7 percent were rearrested by the end of the year. Roughly two-thirds of the total of those released, 67.8, were rearrested within three years. An overwhelming majority, 76.6 percent, had re-offended and again been taken into custody within five years of their 2005 release. The study also details the percentages of recidivism among offender types. Non-violent criminals comprised 82 percent of the group and violent offenders 71 percent. (National Institute of Justice, 2014) These are big numbers and highlight why caution should be heavily applied to any early release decision. Considering the high statistical averages of recidivism it is appropriate to examine whether there are factors that increase or decrease an inmate’s potentiality for

Employee Motivation Sample Introduction on Management & Motivation

Question: Describe about the Management and Motivation? Answer: Executive Summary Motivation can be defined as a series of action performed by the managers, supervisors or coworkers within an organization so as to bring out the actual potential of the work force. Motivational activities have become very much relevant in almost all organization. It has become an essential factor so as to make the employees to reach their objectives (Nohria, Groysberg and Lee, 2008). Managers in an organization should understand the importance of motivation and its impact over the employees. Through motivation managers can put a hold or control over the behavior of the employees in a positive way. A manager can certainly instill the motivation into employees and can draw the desired output from them through various motivational techniques. Managers adopts various approaches of motivation like monetary, non monetary, rewarding system, recognition etc for motivating the employees (Cruz, Prez Cantero, 2009). There are various theories of motivation highlighted in the scientific and mo dern management theories. The managers can take these theories as their guidelines and can implement it on their employees based on the work place situation and the organizational policies. Each employee within an organization will be different and varied behaviors. The managers should have the ability to understand those behaviors and should adopt appropriate motivational approaches. The managers should identify appropriate strategies for implementing these strategies. This paper discuss about the management and motivational approaches (Kimball, Nink, 2006). This paper highlights various motivational theories and its importance and relevance in the modern organization. Various motivational theories like content and process theories are explained and their differences are highlighted in this paper. Introduction Employee motivation is the amount of dynamism, assurance, ingenuity that a corporation's employees put on to their businesses. In the progressively economical professional surroundings of current years, seeking methods to inspire personnel has turn out to be an insistent worry for numerous executives. Actually, a number of diverse philosophies approaches of worker motivation have occurred, fluctuating from financial inducements to augmented participation authorization. Worker inspiration can from time to time be chiefly difficult for small companies, where the proprietor frequently has spent numerous years constructing a corporation that he/she finds it tough to delegate significant accountabilities to others. But businesspersons must be watchful of such kind of drawbacks, for the effects of low worker motivation on small businesses can be shattering (Bruce, 2006). Some of the difficulties related with apathetic labors comprise satisfaction, deteriorating confidence, and extensive dissuasion. If allowable to endure, these glitches can decrease output, remunerations, and effectiveness in a small business. In the managing process employee motivation is considered as an important part. A team of highly qualified and motivated employees is necessary for achieving objectives of an organization. It is only through motivation process, they contribute maximum for accomplishing goals. Motivation has a direct relationship with the performance of the employees. If a manager could properly motivate employees by identifying their needs then they can create good achievements. There are various ways through which the management motivates their employees (Hafiza, Shah, Jamsheed Zaman, 2011). The managers can motivate their employees both in formal and informal ways. In some organizations the managers will involve employees in decision making process, putting forward their opinions and ideas, assisting in formulating various strategies etc. These actions form the indirect form of motivating employees. Providing relevant training and development can build the confidence and the potential of the emplo yees, which can motivate them positively. It will help the employees to put their maximum effort to increase their productivity. They also adopt various theories of motivation that supports their mode of motivation (Shanks, 2006). Management And Motivation How employee is Motivated? One tactic to employee motivation has been to outlook "add-ins" to a person's work as the chief issues in refining presentation. Infinite combinations of worker aidssuch as well-being care, life insurance, earnings involvement, worker stock proprietorship strategies, workout amenities, funded mealtime procedures, child care accessibility, business cars, etc. have been used by corporations in their struggles to uphold content workers in the confidence that contented personnel are inspired staffs. Many contemporary philosophers, though, suggest that the inspiration a worker senses toward his or her work has a lesser amount of to do with measurable rewards than with the design of the occupation itself (Elding, Tobias Walker, 2006). Readings as far back as 1950 have displayed that extremely segmented and streamlined works caused in lesser worker confidence productivity. Additional significances of little worker inspiration comprise absence and great income, mutually of which are very expensive for any business. Consequently, "job enlargement" resourcefulness bring into being to crop up in chief corporations in the 1950s. In small industries, which might nonexistence the capitals to pass official worker inspiration plans, bosses can nevertheless achieve the similar rudimentary philosophies. So as to aid staffs sense like their occupations are significant and that there influences are appreciated to the business, the small corporate proprietor desires to connect the business's drive to workers (Herrera, 2002). This message must take the procedure of arguments as well as actions. Furthermore, the small industry proprietor must set high morals for workers, but too continue helpful of their hard work when goalmouths cant be stretch to. It might likewise be obliging to let workers as ample independence and elasticity as conceivable in how their works are done. Originality will be fortified if truthful errors are amended but not chastised. Lastly, the small industry proprietor must take stages to include the idea of staffs for the business with his or her own idea. This will inspire personnel to donate to the small company's objectives, in addition to aid avert inactivity in its way and persistence. Methods of Motivation: There are as numerous dissimilar approaches of inspiring workers nowadays as there are businesses functioning in the worldwide commercial setting. Still, certain plans are predominant through all governments determined to recover worker inspiration. The finest worker inspiration hard work will center on what the workers believe to be significant (Hunter, 2014). It might be that workers inside the similar subdivision of the similar association will have dissimilar instigators. Several establishments nowadays discover that suppleness in job strategy and recompense schemes has caused in workers' augmented permanency with the corporation, better output, and improved confidence. Authorization: Giving workers more accountability supervisory right upsurges their dominion of control above the jobs for which they're held answerable improved equips them to convey out those jobs (Park, 2014). Consequently, moods of hindrance ascending from being held responsible for somewhat one doesnt have the capitals to carry out are reduced. Dynamism is distracted from self-protection to better task achievement. Ingenuity Modernization: At many corporations, workers with imaginative thoughts dont prompt them to administration for fright that their contribution will be overlooked or mocked. When the authority to make in the association is pressed down from the highest to track personnel, workers who know an occupation, invention, or facility best are specified the chance to practice their thoughts to advance it (Korzynski, 2013). The influence to generate inspires workers aids the association in taking an additional flexible labor force, by means of additional astutely the involvement of its workers, snowballing the discussion of thoughts info amongst staffs sections. These developments too make a directness to alter that can give a corporation the aptitude to reply rapidly to marketplace fluctuations withstand a chief motivator benefit in the market. Learning: On the off chance that workers are given the apparatuses and the chances to finish all the more, most will tackle the test. Organizations can inspire workers to attain to all the more by focusing on interminable improvement of representative abilities. Accreditation and permitting projects for workers are an undeniably famous and powerful approach to realize development in worker learning and inspiration. Frequently, these plans progress workers' approaches in the direction of the customer the corporation, while boosting confidence (Mitchell, Holtom Lee, 2001). Subsidiary this declaration, a study of influences which effect inspiration-to-absorb create that it is openly connected to the amount to which exercise members consider that such contribution will move their work or profession usefulness. In other words, if the frame of information gained can be smeared to the effort to be accomplished, then the achievement of that information will be a valuable occasion for the worker bos s. Class Of Life Cycle: The amount of hours worked every week by American workforces is on the increase, numerous relatives have 2 grownups employed those augmented periods. Below these conditions, numerous workforces are gone speculating how to encounter the loads of their lives yonder the work. Frequently, this anxiety happens despite the fact that at work might decrease a worker's output confidence (Walls, 2007). Corporations that have introduced supple worker preparations have increased stirred workers whose output has augmented. Plans integrating flextime, shortened workweeks, or job allocation, for instance, have been efficacious in concentrating overcome workers near the work to be done and away from the strains of their secluded lives. Financial Enticement: For all the defending of other instigators, cash still inhabits a main place in the mix of instigators. The allocation of a corporation's incomes gives inducement to workforces to produce a value creation, do a value service, or develop the worth of a procedure in the corporation. What aids the corporation openly profits the worker (Hunter, 2014). Financial additional rewards are being specified to workers for making cost-savings or process-improving thoughts, to increase efficiency decrease absence. Money is in effect when it is openly knotted to a worker's thoughts or activities. Nonetheless, if not joined with additional, non- financial instigators, its inspiring effects are brief. Additional, fiscal enticements can ascertain counter- prolific if not prepared accessible to all associates of the association. Additional Inducements: Research after research has establish that the most real instigators of workforces are non- financial. Financial schemes are inadequate persuaders, partly as prospects frequently surpass consequences since difference amid paid persons might split somewhat than bond workers. Confirmed non- financial confident instigators nurture squad inner self comprise credit, accountability, progression (Bruce, 2006). Bosses who identify the "small wins" of staffs, indorse participating surroundings, and pleasure staffs with justice and admiration will discover their workers to be more extremely interested. One corporation's bosses devised to come up with 30 influential rewards that cost little or nil to implement. The maximum operative rewards, for example letters of praise and time off from work, improved individual contentment and self-esteem. Over the lengthier term, genuine admiration individual signs are far new real more inexpensive than prizes of cash only (Herrera, 2002). At long last, a platform that syndicates fiscal reward schemes contents inherent, self- objectifying wants might be the maximum strong worker instigator. Inspiration in place of work can make anticipated production from the workforces. Bosses can professionally impart inspiration into workers over some well-organized approaches like training. Coaching is the training session conducted for the employees to develop their technical knowledge, interpersonal skills, personality etc. This session will provide them with confidence and will bring out their efficiency to perform a particular task in a better way. This can motivate the employees in a positive way. Coaching can be provided to employees on the job as well as off the job. A manager can select the method of coaching depending on the nature of work and the behavior of the employees (Ledgerwood Petry, 2006). While considering the theories of motivation there are three types of motivation which includes content theory of motivation, process theory and reinforcement theory of motivation. Content theory highlights which factors motivates the employees in a work place. Process theory highlights why an employee should be motivated and how they should be motivated. The reinforcement theory highlights how the outcome of a process influences the behavior of the employees (Dembo, Seli, 2007).). Some theories which under pins these concepts are mentioned below: Content Theory This theory is associated with identifying various factors that can motivate the employees. The theories which comes under this is: Maslows Hierarchy of needs According to his theory of needs when the lower level need of an employee is satisfied then his need for higher level rises. His hierarchical pyramid of needs includes physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self-actualization needs. Once a manager is successful in fulfilling those needs he or she will be motivated (Gagn Deci, 2005). Alderfers ERG Theory This theory explains existence, relatedness and growth needs of the employees. Existence explains the willingness of an employee for physiological well-being. Relatedness is his desire to get satisfied in his interpersonal relationship. Growth explains career and personal growth and development (Griffin, Moorhead, 2011). Herzbergs two factor Theory According to this theory there are two factors that can motivate or de-motivate the workers in a work place. They are satisfiers or motivators and dis-satisfiers or hygiene factors respectively. Motivators include achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement and growth. Hygiene factors include company policy, supervision, and good relationship with boss and peers, working condition and salary (Jones, Lloyd, 2005). McClellands three-need theory This theory explains the need for achievement of personal goals, need for competence to deliver timely and quality work. It also explains the power of an employee to influence others and affiliation to relate people efficiently (Latham, Pinder, 2005). Process Theory Adams equity Theory Adams theory of job motivation explains that there are several variable factors, which can influence the assessment and perception of the employees about their job and their employers. According to this theory a fair balance should be maintained between the employee input and the output. The employee input includes hard work, skill level, tolerance, enthusiasm etc and an employee's output includes salary, benefits, recognition etc (Falk, Fischbacher, 2006). Reinforcement Theory According to this theory an individuals behavior is considered as a function of its consequences. It explains that the positive consequences of a particular behavior will tend an employee to repeat it and negative consequences will tend an employee to not to repeat it. Here the manager can have a control over the employee behavior through the adopting the methods like positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishment, extinction etc (Yang, XU. WANG, ZHAO, 2005). Goal-Setting Theory This theory explains that if a specific task or goal is allocated to the employee and if they are well aware of their objectives and responsibilities then they will be motivated to do work. The vagueness and uncertainty in the goal may affect their performance and hence gets de-motivated. Challenging goals with adequate support and feedback can make the employee to contribute higher performance (Locke, Latham, 2006). Vrooms Expectancy Theory According to this theory an employee is influenced by several factors when he is accomplishing several tasks. Those factors include probability of completing those tasks and the output of the task. The employee opinion can be influenced by the factors like expectancy, valence and instrumentality (Lunenburg, 2011). When comparing the various theories of motivations which underpin content theory and process theory it can be concluded that the content theory explains various factors that motivates employees and process theory explains how and why an employee should be motivated. John Holland theory of personality and job fit is another theory of motivating the employees at workplace. According to his theory of personality traits and job fit the personality of the employees can be categorized into six. All employees fall under any one of this category and chooses careers according to it (Korzynski, 2013). The managers can assess these personality traits through several career key tests and can select employees according to the organizational needs. The personality traits explained by Holland are Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional. Realistic employees are so practical and have good working skills with tools. Investigative employees are more precise, scientific and intellectual. They possess good problem solving and decision making skills. Artistic employees are more creative and are more expressive and independent. Social employees are more helping minded and will love to work in a team. They are trust worthy and friendly. Enterprising employees are ambitious, energetic etc. They possess good leadership skills. Conventional employees are goal oriented. Managers can also use these personality traits to motivate them. On the theoretical obverse, Turner Lawrence recommended that therere 3 elementary features of an "inspiring" job: 1. It need to let an employee to sense individually accountable for an expressive share of the effort accomplished. An operative need to sense possession of and linking with the effort he or she does. Though in-group circumstances, a fruitful struggle will substitute a consciousness in a separate that his or her aids were vital in achieving the group's accountabilities. 2. It need to deliver consequences which have inherent sense to the person. Actual effort that doesnt clue an employee to sense that his or her labors trouble will not be upheld. The consequence of a worker's effort should consume worth to himself or herself and to additional people in the association. 3. It should deliver the worker with response about his/ her activities. A positive, credible analysis of the effort executed is vital to an employee's inspiration to advance. Though vocabulary variations, the creeds of worker incentive continue comparatively unaffected from conclusions over half a century before (Park, 2014). Nowadays catchwords comprise "authorization," "excellence spheres," and "cooperation." Altogether of these standings prove the 3 features of inspiring occupations usual out in the philosophy of Turner Lawrence. Authorization offers individuality lets an operative to take possession of thoughts actions, whether performing only or in squads. Excellence spheres the cumulative incidence of squads in nowadays effort surroundings offer staffs chances to emphasize the significance of the effort talented by memberships in addition to obtain response on the effectiveness of that effort. Performance monitoring source distribution procedures: Reasonable, dependable see-through procedures for presentation managing and resource allocation aid to encounter publics drive to guard. RBS, for example, has functioned firm to create its judgment procedures very perfect. Workers might differ with a specific consequence, for example the nixing of a pet project, but then again theyre capable to comprehend the basis behindhand the choice. Cross-business unit squads that create conclusions by means of pure standards, for example the influence on corporation monetary presentation, study novel technology activities at RBS. In reviews, workers boom that the procedure is reasonable and that subsidy standards are see-through. Though RBS is a challenging association, staffs also understand it as an impartial one. Conclusion Even though workers seek to diverse fundamentals of their association to please dissimilar drives, they presume their bosses to do their finest to talk all four inside the restraints that the organization levies. The reviews indicate that if workers noticed that a boss was considerably poorer than her aristocrats in satisfying even just one drive, they valued that administrator below par, even if the business altogether had important limits (Mitchell, Holtom Lee, 2001). Staffs are certainly very reasonable about winning a big-picture outlook and seeing a administrator in the setting of a bigger organization, but they do certain appealing fine-grained assessment yonder those administrative warnings. In brief, they are truthful about what administrators cant do, but too about what administrators must be competent to do in gathering all the rudimentary wants of their underlings. At the monetary amenities firm we learnt, for instance, one executive outpaced his aristocrats on satisfying juniors efforts to obtain, link, understand. Though, his assistants specified that his capability to encounter their effort to protect be under the usual of other executives in the corporation (Herrera, 2002). Therefore, heights of effort commitment and administrative guarantee were inferior in-group than in the business altogether. In spite of this administrators bigger capability to bear out three of the four drives, his comparative flaw on the one aspect spoiled the whole motivational shape of his group. From this paper it is evident that the process of motivation can make the working atmosphere smooth and happier. Such atmosphere can increase the productivity of the organization. Proper definition and description of the concept of motivation is described in this paper. The importance of the managers to adhere with the concept of motivation is also described clearly. This paper has developed a map on the various motivational theories that has been proposed in the management papers (Walls, 2007). The concept and relevance of these theories are explained in this paper. Through this paper it has been concluded that managers can instill motivation into the employees. Managers can motivate employees through various approaches like coaching, training and development, role modeling, mentoring, monitoring etc. The approach of coaching is highlighted in this paper. Various theories like two-factor theory; Maslows theory, ERG theory, vrooms theory etc are explained in this paper. The differenc e between process theory and content theory is highlighted. The theory of John Holland that explains the personality traits and job fitness are explained here. The content theories and process theories of motivation are explained in this paper and their differences are highlighted. References Bassett-Jones, N., Lloyd, G. C. (2005). Does Herzberg's motivation theory have staying power?. Journal of Management Development, 24(10), 929-943. Bruce, A. (2006).How to motivate every employee. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Dembo, M. H., Seli, H. (2007), Motivation and learning strategies for college success: A self-management approach. Routledge. Elding, D., Tobias, A., Walker, D. (2006). Towards a unified model of employee motivation.Strat. Change,15(6), 295-304. doi:10.1002/jsc.771 Falk, A., Fischbacher, U. (2006). A theory of reciprocity, Games and Economic Behavior, 54(2), 293-315. Gagn, M., Deci, E. L. (2005). Self determination theory and work motivation, Journal of Organizational behavior, 26(4), 331-362. Griffin, R., Moorhead, G. (2011). Organizational behavior. Cengage Learning. Hafiza, N. S., Shah, S. S., Jamsheed, H., Zaman, K. (2011). Relationship between rewards and employee s Motivation in the non-profit organizations of Pakistan. Business Intelligence Journal, 4(2), 327-334. Herrera, F. (2002). Demystifying employee motivation.Employ. Relat. Today,28(4), 37-52. doi:10.1002/ert.10014 Hunter, P. (2014). Motivating teams requires attention to individuals.EMBO Rep,15(1), 25-27. doi:10.1002/embr.201338246 Kimball, L. S., Nink, C. E. (2006). How to improve employee motivation, commitment, productivity, well-being and safety. Corrections Today, 68(3), 66. Korzynski, P. (2013). Employee motivation in new working environment.International Journal Of Academic Research,5(5), 184-188. doi:10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-5/b.28 Ledgerwood, D. M., Petry, N. M. (2006). Does contingency management affect motivation to change substance use?. Drug and alcohol dependence, 83(1), 65-72. Lunenburg, F. C. (2011). Expectancy theory of motivation: motivating by altering expectations. International Journal of management, business, and administration, 15(1), 1-6. Latham, G. P., Pinder, C. C. (2005). Work motivation theory and research at the dawn of the twenty-first century. Annu. Rev. Psychol., 56, 485-516. Locke, E. A., Latham, G. P. (2006). New directions in goal-setting theory, Current directions in psychological science, 15(5), 265-268 Martn Cruz, N., Martn Prez, V., Trevilla Cantero, C. (2009), The influence of employee motivation on knowledge transfer, Journal of Knowledge Management, 13(6), 478-490 Mitchell, T., Holtom, B., Lee, T. (2001). How to keep your best employees: Developing an effective retention policy.Academy Of Management Executive,15(4), 96-108. doi:10.5465/ame.2001.5897929 Nohria, N., Groysberg, B and Lee, L. (2008), Employee motivation: A powerful new model. Harvard Business Review, 86(7/8), 78. Park, S. (2014). Motivation of Public Managers as Raters in Performance Appraisal: Developing a Model of Rater Motivation.Public Personnel Management,43(4), 387-414. doi:10.1177/0091026014530675 Shanks, N. H. (2006). Management and motivation. Introduction to Health Care Management, 23 Yang, Q., XUE, L. J., WANG, R. K., ZHAO, W. G. (2005). Reinforcement Theory Considering Deformation Mechanism Of Rock Mass And Non-Equlibriem Elasto-Plastic Mechanics [J], Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 20, 015 Walls, R. (2007). How to keep productivity and employees humming during a facilities move.Employ. Relat. Today,33(4), 21-28. doi:10.1002/ert.20126

Micromedex Consumer Medication Information †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Micromedex Consumer Medication Information. Answer: Introduction: The nurse professional would monitor the cognitive functionality and physical condition of Rosie in the clinical setting with the objective of analysing her risk of falls and associated trauma. The registered nurse would also require investigating and study the environmental factors that contribute to the pattern of patients acopia and associated manifestations. The evaluation of patients mental status would give an insight regarding the state of confusion experienced by the patient that might have contributed to her physical and mental instability. The absence of assessment of patients environmental factors and cognitive status due to the communication barriers could lead to the inappropriate understanding of the extrinsic and intrinsic influences leading to frequent injuries and related clinical complications (Norouzinia, Aghabarari, Shiri, Karimi, Samimi, 2016). The clinical assessment of memory and communication skills of the treated patient is necessarily warranted in the context of identifying the cause of self-insufficiency, weakness and absence of coping skills. Evidence-based research literature correlates the memory deficits of patients with their loss of functionality and independence (Marchant Williams, 2011). The deterioration in patients memory substantially impacts their quality of life and wellness outcomes across the community environment. Therefore, the absence of memory assessment might lead to inappropriate findings regarding the cause of patients functional dependence on her husband in the context of undertaking the activities of daily living and personal care. The nurse professional needs to effectively assess the nutritional intake of the elderly patient in the context of identifying the dietary deficits that might have contributed towards the pattern of her weakness and debility (Ahmed Haboubi, 2010). The nutrition assessment would require the systematic evaluation of patients dietary regimen and accordingly the nurse professional might clinically correlate the recorded clinical manifestations with the dietary deficiencies (Ahmed Haboubi, 2010). For example, any defect in the dietary plan might assist the nurse professional in the context of configuring remedial strategies for effectively managing her weight as well as intensity of debility and consciousness. The absence of a concrete dietary regimen might lead continued consumption of junk food and frozen meals (by the patient), thereby, impacting her wellness outcomes. Task 1 (Care Planning) Nursing Problem Underlying Cause Goal of Care Bedside Nursing Interventions Rationale Indicators/Outcomes Fatigue and Weakness Inappropriate nutrition and age-factor 1. The effective evaluation of the pattern of fatigue and its associated adverse influence on the quality of life of the treated patient. 2. The identification of patients understanding of the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that potentially elevate the pattern of her fatigue and associated adverse outcomes. 3. The development of systematic energy conservation interventions with the objective of decreasing the intensity of her debility. 4. The tracking and identification of remedial strategies from day-to-day routine that could significantly increase the energy level of the treated patient. 1. The nurse professional requires assessing the pattern of patients emotional state, psychological functionality, medication regimen as well as sleep duration in the context of determining the causes of debility and associated adverse manifestations. 2. Accordingly, the appropriate dietary regimen would require administration for enhancing the energy level of the treated patient. The systematic evaluation of the causes and factors linked with patients fatigue could assist in configuring an effective nursing care plan for enhancing patients wellness outcomes. The enhancement of patients knowledge regarding the debility causes would significantly improve the pattern of her self-sufficiency and health related autonomy across the community environment(Cnsul-Giribet Medina-Moya , 2014). Reduction in the intensity of patients fatigue and tiredness under the influence of the administered dietary plan. High frequency of patients falling episodes Absence of a concrete social support system, age advancement as well as sustained memory deficit. 1. The patient will understand the requirement of undertaking safety measures in the context of reducing her risk of experiencing falls and associated traumatic manifestations like contusions, bruises and lacerations. 2. The patient will learn evidence-based muscle strengthening strategies in collaboration with the nurse professional for effectively preventing the occurrence of falling episodes. 1. The nurse professional requires decreasing the height of patients bed while elevating the rails for reducing the scope of failing. 2. The registered nurse needs to track and monitor the age-related changes in patients anatomical structure as well as psychosocial function. 3. The nurse professional requires assisting the patient in terms of undertaking muscle strengthening exercises while encouraging her active participation in strength training sessions. 1. The regular assessment of patients anatomical structure as well as physiological changes assists in evaluating the pattern of her muscular endurance as well as visual functionality(Phelan, Mahoney, Voit, Stevens, 2015). 2. The tracking of the conditions like unsteady gait, defected perception and response time will assist the nurse in calculating the risk of patients falls and configuring evidence-based strategies for assisting her in terms of undertaking activities of daily living and personal-care(Borowicz, Zasadzka, Gaczkowska, Gaczkowska, Pawlaczyk, 2016). 3. The administration of muscle training sessions will assist in the effective enhancement of patients muscle endurance and overall physical strength(Lee Park, 2013). The patient will gain a stable state of consciousness and vision as well as inner stamina for reducing the frequency of falling episodes. The patient will acquire increased muscle strength and balance while overcoming the pattern of weakness, thereby leading to the effective reduction in falling episodes. Hypertension Patients dietary insufficiency appears to be the preliminary cause of her chronic hypertension. 1. Organization of self-care sessions in the context of effectively controlling the sustained blood pressure elevation. 2. Prevention of the development and progression of cardiovascular conditions and associated clinical complications 1. Implementation of dietary restriction approaches for the patient in the context of reducing the intake of electrolytes and fat. 2. Organization of training sessions with the objective of improving the pattern of patients physical activities. 3. The nurse professional needs to encourage the patient in terms of regular consumption of green leafy vegetable and fruits for stabilizing cardiovascular functionality. 1. The establishment of goals related to the consumption of sodium, potassium and magnesium assists in the stabilization of patients systolic and diastolic blood pressures (Bazzano, Green, Harrison, Reynolds, 2013). 2. The daily consumption of vegetables and reduction in fat diet leads to the reciprocal reduction in the saturated fat and elevation in the monounsaturated fat levels in the patients body that effectively reduces the abnormal rise in blood pressure levels(Bazzano, Green, Harrison, Reynolds , 2013). 3. The physical activities including exercise and walking assist in the systematic stabilization of the cardiovascular system that reciprocally reduces the risk of abnormal blood pressure elevation(Diaz Shimbo, 2013). Patients blood pressure would remain within the normal range of 110-140 [Systolic]/70-90 [Diastolic] mmHg. Anxiety Recurrent injuries, weakness, absence of patients self-confidence and debility. 1. Effective training of the patient in terms of acquiring various coping mechanisms in the context of overcoming the pattern of anxiety and associated psychosocial manifestations. 2. Improvement of patients cognitive capacity, memory as well as concentration and focus. 1. Nurse professional needs to administer therapeutic communication in the context of configuring culturally appropriate strategies for reducing the state of patients anxiety. 2. The registered nurse requires enhancing the coping skills of the patient with the objective controlling the pattern of her negative thought process and facilitating her adjustment with the immediate surrounding. 1. The administration of therapeutic communication by the nurse professional would assist in the accurate evaluation of patients anxiety, memory span and related symptomatology(Popa-Velea Purc?rea, 2014). 2. Therapeutic relationship with the patient would help the nurse professional in configuring the pattern of trust with the treated patient and improve her level of compliance to the recommended therapeutic regimen(Popa-Velea Purc?rea, 2014). Patient will not experience anxiety and feel confident and capable of coping with her existing health adversities. Difficulty in Breathing Low oxygen saturation level 1. Stabilization of patients respiratory rate 2. Improvement in the patients oxygen saturation level 3. Facilitation of patients breathing pattern through the administration of respiratory exercises 1. Regular evaluation of patients oxygen saturation level and assessment of patients arterial blood gas (ABG) level 2. Regular evaluation of patients respiratory depth and frequency 3. Administration of oxygen therapy in a case of medical emergency 1. The evaluation of patients oxygen saturation index assists in identifying the probability of patients respiratory failure(Rawat, et al., 2015). 2. Oxygen therapy is the recommended treatment option for controlling the progression of dyspnoea associated respiratory failure(Baldwin Cox, 2016). Patient will experience improvement in the pattern of her breathing as well as elevation in the oxygen saturation level. Task 3 (Medication Management) Atorvastatin (20mg daily) is prescribed to the patient in relation to the effective management of her state of hypercholesterolemia (Adams, Tsang, Wright, 2015). Patients clinical history of hypercholesterolemia warrants the stabilization of her lipid levels attributing to triglycerides, LDL, HDL and total cholesterol. The nurse professional will evaluate the findings of patients hepatic function panel before and after the administration of Atrovastatin therapy. The registered nurse would also periodically monitor the lipid levels of the patient in the context of dose adjustment of the prescribed Atrovastatin. The qualified nurse will closely monitor the pattern of allergic reaction, blistering, fever, muscle pain and nausea that the patient might experience after the regular administration of Atrovastatin (THA, 2014). Ramipril is prescribed to the patient in the context of controlling the pattern of patients hypertension. Ramipril is an ACE inhibitor and effectively induces vasodilation that resultantly stabilizes patients systolic and diastolic blood pressures (PubChem, 2017). The nurse professional needs to ascertain patients compliance in relation to the administration of the prescribed dosage of Ramipril. The nurse professional requires monitoring the blood pressure of the treated patient after every three hours of Ramipril administration and report the pattern of blood pressure to the concerned physician in the context of dosage adjustment. The pattern of the head and neck swelling (if experienced by the patient after Ramipril administration requires reporting by the nurse professional to the treating physician in the context of undertaking the remedial intervention (THA, 2017). The nurse professional must monitor patients symptomatology in relation to the development of liver and kidney cond itions during Ramipril administration. The administration of Ramipril requires careful monitoring the by the nurse professional in the context of reducing the scope of its overdose or missed dosage. The missed dose might induce the blood pressure elevation; however, over dosage could lead to the occurrence of hypotension and associated clinical manifestations. The nurse professional requires explaining the hypertension treatment considerations to the patient with the objective of reducing her scope of development of cardiovascular disorders attributing to coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction (Managing Hypertension in the Elderly: A Common Chronic Disease with Increasing Age, 2012). The nurse also requires explaining the requirement of patients lifestyle modification in the context of controlling the pattern of her systolic and diastolic blood pressure elevation. The nurse also requires explaining the patient regarding the pattern of postural (orthostatic) hypotension that she might experience while standing or taking a supine position, while concomitantly receiving the antihypertensive medication. Indeed, orthostatic hypertension might become the cause of patients prospective falls and trauma. The nurse professional needs to make sure regarding the level of understanding attained by the patient in the context of effectively co ping with her chronic hypertension and associated adverse clinical manifestations. The nurse professional must conduct periodic interview sessions with the patient and evaluate the level of her understanding and perception regarding the benefits of physical activity and healthy diet in terms of effectively controlling the abnormal blood pressure variations (CDC, 2014). Regular evaluation of patients weight and body mass index is necessarily required for calculating her risk of sustaining the pattern of hypertension for the longer-term. The patient in the presented clinical scenario appears to experience acute respiratory failure. Acute respiratory distress is manifested by the signs of an elevated respiratory rate, peripheral edema, reduced oxygen saturation level as well as cyanosis. Most of these signs and symptoms experienced by the patient in the presented case scenario, thereby confirming the occurrence of acute respiratory distress and failure (Sweeney, McAuley, Matthay, 2011). Nurse professional needs to monitor the ABG findings of the patient and administer oxygen therapy with the objective of stabilizing the respiratory rate of the patient (Brill Wedzicha, 2014). The registered nurse should also evaluate the hydration requirement of the patient and administer hydration infusion (in case of decreased hydration level) with the objective of reducing the risk of development of pulmonary effusion and cardiac failure. Nurse professional needs to induce assisted coughing in the context of decreasing excessive s putum secretion and facilitating patients breathing pattern. Identify Patients MRN XXXX Patients Name Rosie DOB/Age 76 years Staff Title Registered Nurse Professional Situation Rosie was admitted to the inpatient ward in relation to the treatment of her absence of coping skills, dizziness, pain, loss of consciousness, falling episodes, memory loss, fatigue and debility. The patient exhibited a clinical history of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. The patient was transferred from the emergency department to the inpatient unit through hospital ambulance. Background Patient experienced the clinical history of memory loss, elevated blood pressure as well as an increased level of blood cholesterol. Patient exhibited the state of social isolation and experienced limited psychosocial support. Assessment Patients vital assessment resulted in the following recordings: Systolic blood pressure: 150 mmHg Diastolic blood pressure: 95 mmHg Heart Rate: 110/min RR: 20/min Oxygen saturation level: 90% Weak radial pulse Skin Colour: bluish and pale Other findings: ankles swelling, dyspnoea, shallow respiration and cyanosis Recommendation The physicians and nurse professionals in the coronary unit must immediately stabilize patients respiratory stress and undertake diagnostic and treatment interventions for accessing and remediating the cardiovascular complications that the patient might encounter under the influence of acute respiratory failure. References Adams, S. P., Tsang, M., Wright, J. M. (2015). Lipid-lowering efficacy of atorvastatin. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 12(3). doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008226.pub3 Ahmed, T., Haboubi, N. (2010). Assessment and management of nutrition in older people and its importance to health. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 207-216. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2920201/ Baldwin, J., Cox, J. (2016). Treating Dyspnea: Is Oxygen Therapy the Best Option for All Patients? The Medical Clinics of North America, 1123-1130. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2016.04.018 Bazzano, L. A., Green, T., Harrison, T. N., Reynolds , K. (2013). Dietary Approaches to Prevent Hypertension. Current Hypertension Reports, 15(6), 694-702. doi:10.1007/s11906-013-0390-z Borowicz, A., Zasadzka, E., Gaczkowska, A., Gaczkowska, O., Pawlaczyk, M. (2016). Assessing gait and balance impairment in elderly residents of nursing homes. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 2486-2490. doi:10.1589/jpts.28.2486 Brill, S. E., Wedzicha, J. A. (2014). Oxygen therapy in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 1241-1252. doi:10.2147/COPD.S41476 CDC. (2014, July 7). High Blood Pressure. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/healthy_living.htm Cnsul-Giribet, M., Medina-Moya , J. L. (2014). Strengths and weaknesses of Problem Based Learning from the professional perspective of registered nurses. Rev. Latinoam. Enfermagem, 22(5), 724-730. doi:10.1590/0104-1169.3236.2473 Diaz, K. M., Shimbo, D. (2013). Physical Activity and the Prevention of Hypertension. Current Hypertension Reports, 15(6), 659-668. doi:10.1007/s11906-013-0386-8 Lee, I. H., Park, S. Y. (2013). Balance Improvement by Strength Training for the Elderly. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 25(12), 1591-1593. doi:10.1589/jpts.25.1591 Managing Hypertension in the Elderly: A Common Chronic Disease with Increasing Age. (2012). American Health and Drug Benefits, 5(3), 146-153. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4046467/ Marchant, J. A., Williams, K. N. (2011). MEMORY MATTERS IN ASSISTED LIVING. Rehabilitation Nursing, 36(2), 83-88. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3577922/ Norouzinia, R., Aghabarari, M., Shiri, M., Karimi, M., Samimi, E. (2016). Communication Barriers Perceived by Nurses and Patients. Global Journal of Health Science, 65-74. doi:10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p65 Phelan, E. A., Mahoney, J. E., Voit, J. C., Stevens, J. A. (2015). Assessment and Management of Fall Risk in Primary Care Settings. Medical Clinics of North America, 99(2), 281-293. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2014.11.004 Popa-Velea, O., Purc?rea, V. L. (2014). Issues of therapeutic communication relevant for improving quality of care. Journal of Medicine and Life, 7(4), 39-45. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4813615/ PubChem. (2017). Ramipril. Retrieved from Compound Summary for CID 5362129: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/ramipril#section=Top Rawat, M., Chandrasekharan, P. K., Williams , A., Gugino , S., Koenigsknecht , C., Swartz , D., . . . Lakshminrusimha , S. (2015). Oxygen saturation index and severity of hypoxic respiratory failure. Neonatology, 107(3), 161-166. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25592054 Sweeney, R. M., McAuley, D. F., Matthay, M. A. (2011). Acute Lung Failure. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 32(5), 607-625. doi:10.1055/s-0031-1287870 THA. (2014, 08 01). Atorvastatin (By mouth). Retrieved from Micromedex Consumer Medication Information: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0009143/?report=details#side_effects THA. (2017, 08 01). Ramipril (By mouth). Retrieved from Micromedex Consumer Medication Information: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0011943/?report=details